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XTERM(1) XTERM(1)
NAME
xterm - terminal emulator for X
SYNOPSIS
xterm [-toolkitoption ...] [-option ...] [shell]
DESCRIPTION
The xterm program is a terminal emulator for the X Window
System. It provides DEC VT102/VT220 (VTxxx) and Tektronix
4014 compatible terminals for programs that cannot use the
window system directly. If the underlying operating sys-
tem supports terminal resizing capabilities (for example,
the SIGWINCH signal in systems derived from 4.3bsd), xterm
will use the facilities to notify programs running in the
window whenever it is resized.
The VTxxx and Tektronix 4014 terminals each have their own
window so that you can edit text in one and look at graph-
ics in the other at the same time. To maintain the cor-
rect aspect ratio (height/width), Tektronix graphics will
be restricted to the largest box with a 4014's aspect
ratio that will fit in the window. This box is located in
the upper left area of the window.
Although both windows may be displayed at the same time,
one of them is considered the ``active'' window for
receiving keyboard input and terminal output. This is the
window that contains the text cursor. The active window
can be chosen through escape sequences, the ``VT Options''
menu in the VTxxx window, and the ``Tek Options'' menu in
the 4014 window.
EMULATIONS
The VT102 emulation is fairly complete, but does not sup-
port autorepeat. Double-size characters are displayed
properly if your font server supports scalable fonts. The
VT220 emulation does not support soft fonts, it is other-
wise complete. Termcap(5) entries that work with xterm
include an optional platform-specific entry, ``xterm,''
``vt102,'' ``vt100'' and ``ansi,'' and ``dumb.'' xterm
automatically searches the termcap file in this order for
these entries and then sets the ``TERM'' and the ``TERM-
CAP'' environment variables. You may also use ``vt220,''
but must set the terminal emulation level with the decTer-
minalID resource. (The ``TERMCAP'' environment variable
is not set if xterm is linked against a terminfo library,
since the requisite information is not provided by the
termcap emulation of terminfo libraries).
Many of the special xterm features may be modified under
program control through a set of escape sequences differ-
ent from the standard VT102 escape sequences. (See the
Xterm Control Sequences document.)
The Tektronix 4014 emulation is also fairly good. It sup-
ports 12-bit graphics addressing, scaled to the window
size. Four different font sizes and five different lines
types are supported. There is no write-through or defo-
cused mode support. The Tektronix text and graphics com-
mands are recorded internally by xterm and may be written
to a file by sending the COPY escape sequence (or through
the Tektronix menu; see below). The name of the file will
be ``COPYyyyy-MM-dd.hh:mm:ss'', where yyyy, MM, dd, hh, mm
and ss are the year, month, day, hour, minute and second
when the COPY was performed (the file is created in the
directory xterm is started in, or the home directory for a
login xterm).
Not all of the features described in this manual are nec-
essarily available in this version of xterm. Some (e.g.,
the non-VT220 extensions) are available only if they were
compiled in, though the most commonly-used are in the
default configuration.
OTHER FEATURES
Xterm automatically highlights the text cursor when the
pointer enters the window (selected) and unhighlights it
when the pointer leaves the window (unselected). If the
window is the focus window, then the text cursor is high-
lighted no matter where the pointer is.
In VT102 mode, there are escape sequences to activate and
deactivate an alternate screen buffer, which is the same
size as the display area of the window. When activated,
the current screen is saved and replaced with the alter-
nate screen. Saving of lines scrolled off the top of the
window is disabled until the normal screen is restored.
The termcap(5) entry for xterm allows the visual editor
vi(1) to switch to the alternate screen for editing and to
restore the screen on exit. A popup menu entry makes it
simple to switch between the normal and alternate screens
for cut and paste.
In either VT102 or Tektronix mode, there are escape
sequences to change the name of the windows. Addition-
ally, in VT102 mode, xterm implements the window-manipula-
tion control sequences from dtterm, such as resizing the
window, setting its location on the screen.
Xterm allows character-based applications to receive mouse
events (currently button-press and release events, and
button-motion events) as keyboard control sequences. See
Xterm Control Sequences for details.
OPTIONS
The xterm terminal emulator accepts the standard X Toolkit
command line options as well as many application-specific
options. If the option begins with a `+' instead of a
`-', the option is restored to its default value. The
-version and -help options are interpreted even if xterm
cannot open the display, and are useful for testing and
configuration scripts:
-version
This causes xterm to print a version number to the
standard output.
-help This causes xterm to print out a verbose message
describing its options, one per line. The message
is written to the standard output. Xterm gener-
ates this message, sorting it and noting whether a
"-option" or a "+option" turns the feature on or
off, since some features historically have been
one or the other. Xterm generates a concise help
message (multiple options per line) when an
unknown option is used, e.g.,
xterm -z
If the logic for a particular option such as log-
ging is not compiled into xterm, the help text for
that option also is not displayed by the -help
option.
One parameter (after all options) may be given. That
overrides xterm's built-in choice of shell program. Nor-
mally xterm checks the SHELL variable. If that is not
set, xterm tries to use the shell program specified in the
password file. If that is not set, xterm uses /bin/sh.
If the parameter names an executable file, xterm uses that
instead. The parameter must be an absolute path, or name
a file found on the user's PATH (and thereby construct an
absolute path). The -e option cannot be used with this
parameter since it uses all parameters following the
option.
The other options are used to control the appearance and
behavior. Not all options are necessarily configured into
your copy of xterm:
-132 Normally, the VT102 DECCOLM escape sequence that
switches between 80 and 132 column mode is
ignored. This option causes the DECCOLM escape
sequence to be recognized, and the xterm window
will resize appropriately.
-ah This option indicates that xterm should always
highlight the text cursor. By default, xterm will
display a hollow text cursor whenever the focus is
lost or the pointer leaves the window.
+ah This option indicates that xterm should do text
cursor highlighting based on focus.
-ai This option disables active icon support if that
feature was compiled into xterm. This is equiva-
lent to setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to
``false''.
+ai This option enables active icon support if that
feature was compiled into xterm. This is equiva-
lent to setting the vt100 resource activeIcon to
``true''.
-aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should
be allowed. This allows the cursor to automati-
cally wrap to the beginning of the next line when
when it is at the rightmost position of a line and
text is output.
+aw This option indicates that auto-wraparound should
not be allowed.
-b number
This option specifies the size of the inner border
(the distance between the outer edge of the char-
acters and the window border) in pixels. That is
the vt100 internalBorder resource. The default is
2.
+bc turn off text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bc turn on text cursor blinking. This overrides the
cursorBlink resource.
-bcf milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is off when
blinking via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bcn milliseconds
set the amount of time text cursor is on when
blinking via the cursorOffTime resource.
-bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to ``false'',
disabling the display of characters with bold
attribute as color
+bdc Set the vt100 resource colorBDMode to ``true'',
enabling the display of characters with bold
attribute as color rather than bold
-cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to
``false''.
+cb Set the vt100 resource cutToBeginningOfLine to
``true''.
-cc characterclassrange:value[,...]
This sets classes indicated by the given ranges
for using in selecting by words. See the section
specifying character classes. and discussion of
the charClass resource.
-cjk_width
Set the cjkWidth resource to ``true''. When
turned on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous
(A) category in UTR 11 have a column width of 2.
Otherwise, they have a column width of 1. This
may be useful for some legacy CJK text terminal-
based programs assuming box drawings and others to
have a column width of 2. It also has to be
turned on when you specify a TrueType CJK double-
width (bi-width/monospace) font either with -fa at
the command line or faceName resource. The
default is ``false''
+cjk_width
Reset the cjkWidth resource.
-class string
This option allows you to override xterm's
resource class. Normally it is ``XTerm'', but can
be set to another class such as ``UXTerm'' to
override selected resources.
-cm This option disables recognition of ANSI color-
change escape sequences. It sets the colorMode
resource to ``false''.
+cm This option enables recognition of ANSI color-
change escape sequences. This is the same as the
vt100 resource colorMode.
-cn This option indicates that newlines should not be
cut in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNew-
line resource to ``false''.
+cn This option indicates that newlines should be cut
in line-mode selections. It sets the cutNewline
resource to ``true''.
-cr color
This option specifies the color to use for text
cursor. The default is to use the same foreground
color that is used for text. It sets the cursor-
Color resource according to the parameter.
-cu This option indicates that xterm should work
around a bug in the more(1) program that causes it
to incorrectly display lines that are exactly the
width of the window and are followed by a line
beginning with a tab (the leading tabs are not
displayed). This option is so named because it
was originally thought to be a bug in the
curses(3x) cursor motion package.
+cu This option indicates that xterm should not work
around the more(1) bug mentioned above.
-dc This option disables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors: the vt100 foreground and back-
ground colors, its text cursor color, the pointer
cursor foreground and background colors, the Tek-
tronix emulator foreground and background colors,
its text cursor color and highlight color. The
option sets the dynamicColors option to ``false''.
+dc This option enables the escape sequence to change
dynamic colors. The option sets the dynamicColors
option to ``true''.
-e program [ arguments ... ]
This option specifies the program (and its command
line arguments) to be run in the xterm window. It
also sets the window title and icon name to be the
basename of the program being executed if neither
-T nor -n are given on the command line. This
must be the last option on the command line.
-en encoding
This option determines the encoding on which xterm
runs. It sets the locale resource. Encodings
other than UTF-8 are supported by using luit. The
-lc option should be used instead of -en for sys-
tems with locale support.
-fb font
This option specifies a font to be used when dis-
playing bold text. This font must be the same
height and width as the normal font. If only one
of the normal or bold fonts is specified, it will
be used as the normal font and the bold font will
be produced by overstriking this font. The
default is to do overstriking of the normal font.
See also the discussion of boldFont and boldMode
resources.
-fa pattern
This option sets the pattern for fonts selected
from the FreeType library if support for that
library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds
to the faceName resource. When a CJK double-width
font is specified, you also need to turn on the
cjkWidth resource.
-fbb This option indicates that xterm should compare
normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to ensure
they are compatible. It sets the freeBoldBox
resource to ``false''.
+fbb This option indicates that xterm should not com-
pare normal and bold fonts bounding boxes to
ensure they are compatible. It sets the freeBold-
Box resource to ``true''.
-fbx This option indicates that xterm should not assume
that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-
drawing characters. If any are missing, xterm
will draw the characters directly. It sets the
forceBoxChars resource to ``false''.
+fbx This option indicates that xterm should assume
that the normal and bold fonts have VT100 line-
drawing characters. It sets the forceBoxChars
resource to ``true''.
-fd pattern
This option sets the pattern for double-width
fonts selected from the FreeType library if sup-
port for that library was compiled into xterm.
This corresponds to the faceNameDoublesize
resource.
-fi font
This option sets the font for active icons if that
feature was compiled into xterm. See also the
discussion of the iconFont resource.
-fs size
This option sets the pointsize for fonts selected
from the FreeType library if support for that
library was compiled into xterm. This corresponds
to the faceSize resource.
-fw font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing wide text. By default, it will attempt to
use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw normal text. If no doublewidth font
is found, it will improvise, by stretching the
normal font. This corresponds to the wideFont
resource.
-fwb font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing bold wide text. By default, it will
attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font
that will be used to draw bold text. If no dou-
blewidth font is found, it will improvise, by
stretching the bold font. This corresponds to the
wideBoldFont resource.
-fx font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot"
input method. See also the discussion of the xim-
Font resource.
-hc color
This option specifies the color to use for the
background of selected or otherwise highlighted
text. If not specified, reverse video is used.
See the discussion of the highlightColor resource.
-hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys. It
sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to ``true''.
+hf This option indicates that HP Function Key escape
codes should not be generated for function keys.
It sets the hpFunctionKeys resource to ``false''.
-hold Turn on the hold resource, i.e., xterm will not
immediately destroy its window when the shell com-
mand completes. It will wait until you use the
window manager to destroy/kill the window, or if
you use the menu entries that send a signal, e.g.,
HUP or KILL.
+hold Turn off the hold resource, i.e., xterm will imme-
diately destroy its window when the shell command
completes.
-ie Turn on the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., use
the pseudo-terminal's sense of the stty erase
value.
+ie Turn off the ptyInitialErase resource, i.e., set
the stty erase value using the kb string from the
termcap entry as a reference, if available.
-im Turn on the useInsertMode resource, which forces
use of insert mode by adding appropriate entries
to the TERMCAP environment variable.
+im Turn off the useInsertMode resource.
-into windowId
Given an X window identifier (a decimal integer),
xterm will reparent its top-level shell widget to
that window. This is used to embed xterm within
other applications.
-j This option indicates that xterm should do jump
scrolling. It corresponds to the jumpScroll
resource. Normally, text is scrolled one line at
a time; this option allows xterm to move multiple
lines at a time so that it does not fall as far
behind. Its use is strongly recommended since it
makes xterm much faster when scanning through
large amounts of text. The VT100 escape sequences
for enabling and disabling smooth scroll as well
as the ``VT Options'' menu can be used to turn
this feature on or off.
+j This option indicates that xterm should not do
jump scrolling.
-k8 This option sets the allowC1Printable resource.
When allowC1Printable is set, xterm overrides the
mapping of C1 control characters (code 128-159) to
treat them as printable.
+k8 This option resets the allowC1Printable resource.
-kt keyboardtype
This option sets the keyboardType resource. Pos-
sible values include: ``unknown'', ``default'',
``hp'', ``sco'', ``sun'' and ``vt220''.
The value ``unknown'', causes the corresponding
resource to be ignored.
The value ``default'', suppresses the associated
resources hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sun-
FunctionKeys and sunKeyboard, using the Sun/PC
keyboard layout.
-l Turn logging on. Normally logging is not sup-
ported, due to security concerns. Some versions
of xterm may have logging enabled. The logfile is
written to the directory from which xterm is
invoked. The filename is generated, of the form
XtermLog.XXXXXX
or
Xterm.log.hostname.yyyy.mm.dd.hh.mm.ss.XXXXXX
depending on how xterm was built.
+l Turn logging off.
-lc Turn on support of various encodings according to
the users' locale setting, i.e., LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE,
or LANG environment variables. This is achieved
by turning on UTF-8 mode and by invoking luit for
conversion between locale encodings and UTF-8.
(luit is not invoked in UTF-8 locales.) This cor-
responds to the locale resource.
The actual list of encodings which are supported
is determined by luit. Consult the luit manual
page for further details. See also the discussion
of the -u8 option which supports UTF-8 locales.
+lc Turn off support of automatic selection of locale
encodings. Conventional 8bit mode or, in UTF-8
locales or with -u8 option, UTF-8 mode will be
used.
-lcc path
File name for the encoding converter from/to
locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used with -lc
option or locale resource. This corresponds to
the localeFilter resource.
-leftbar
Force scrollbar to the left side of VT100 screen.
This is the default, unless you have set the
rightScrollBar resource.
-lf filename
Specify the log-filename. See the -l option.
-ls This option indicates that the shell that is
started in the xterm window will be a login shell
(i.e., the first character of argv[0] will be a
dash, indicating to the shell that it should read
the user's .login or .profile).
The -ls flag and the loginShell resource are
ignored if -e is also given, because xterm does
not know how to make the shell start the given
command after whatever it does when it is a login
shell - the user's shell of choice need not be a
Bourne shell after all. Also, xterm -e is sup-
posed to provide a consistent functionality for
other applications that need to start text-mode
programs in a window, and if loginShell were not
ignored, the result of ~/.profile might interfere
with that.
If you do want the effect of -ls and -e simultane-
ously, you may get away with something like
xterm -e /bin/bash -l -c "my command here"
Finally, -ls is not completely ignored, because
xterm -ls -e does write a /etc/wtmp entry (if con-
figured to do so), whereas xterm -e does not.
+ls This option indicates that the shell that is
started should not be a login shell (i.e., it will
be a normal ``subshell'').
-mb This option indicates that xterm should ring a
margin bell when the user types near the right end
of a line. This option can be turned on and off
from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+mb This option indicates that margin bell should not
be rung.
-mc milliseconds
This option specifies the maximum time between
multi-click selections.
-mesg Turn off the messages resource, i.e., disallow
write access to the terminal.
+mesg Turn on the messages resource, i.e., allow write
access to the terminal.
-mk_width
Set the mkWidth resource to ``true''. This makes
xterm use a built-in version of the wide-character
width calculation. The default is ``false''
+mk_width
Reset the mkWidth resource.
-ms color
This option specifies the color to be used for the
pointer cursor. The default is to use the fore-
ground color. This sets the pointerColor
resource.
-nb number
This option specifies the number of characters
from the right end of a line at which the margin
bell, if enabled, will ring. The default is 10.
-nul This option disables the display of underlining.
+nul This option enables the display of underlining.
-pc This option enables the PC-style use of bold col-
ors (see boldColors resource).
+pc This option disables the PC-style use of bold col-
ors.
-pob This option indicates that the window should be
raised whenever a Control-G is received.
+pob This option indicates that the window should not
be raised whenever a Control-G is received.
-rightbar
Force scrollbar to the right side of VT100 screen.
-rvc This option disables the display of characters
with reverse attribute as color.
+rvc This option enables the display of characters with
reverse attribute as color.
-rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound
should be allowed. This allows the cursor to back
up from the leftmost column of one line to the
rightmost column of the previous line. This is
very useful for editing long shell command lines
and is encouraged. This option can be turned on
and off from the ``VT Options'' menu.
+rw This option indicates that reverse-wraparound
should not be allowed.
-s This option indicates that xterm may scroll asyn-
chronously, meaning that the screen does not have
to be kept completely up to date while scrolling.
This allows xterm to run faster when network
latencies are very high and is typically useful
when running across a very large internet or many
gateways.
+s This option indicates that xterm should scroll
synchronously.
-samename
Does not send title and icon name change requests
when the request would have no effect: the name is
not changed. This has the advantage of preventing
flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra
round trip to the server to find out the previous
value. In practice this should never be a prob-
lem.
+samename
Always send title and icon name change requests.
-sb This option indicates that some number of lines
that are scrolled off the top of the window should
be saved and that a scrollbar should be displayed
so that those lines can be viewed. This option
may be turned on and off from the ``VT Options''
menu.
+sb This option indicates that a scrollbar should not
be displayed.
-sf This option indicates that Sun Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys.
+sf This option indicates that the standard escape
codes should be generated for function keys.
-si This option indicates that output to a window
should not automatically reposition the screen to
the bottom of the scrolling region. This option
can be turned on and off from the ``VT Options''
menu.
+si This option indicates that output to a window
should cause it to scroll to the bottom.
-sk This option indicates that pressing a key while
using the scrollbar to review previous lines of
text should cause the window to be repositioned
automatically in the normal position at the bottom
of the scroll region.
+sk This option indicates that pressing a key while
using the scrollbar should not cause the window to
be repositioned.
-sl number
This option specifies the number of lines to save
that have been scrolled off the top of the screen.
This corresponds to the saveLines resource. The
default is 64.
-sm This option, corresponding to the sessionMgt
resource, indicates that xterm should set up ses-
sion manager callbacks.
+sm This option indicates that xterm should not set up
session manager callbacks.
-sp This option indicates that Sun/PC keyboard should
be assumed, providing mapping for keypad `+' to
`,', and CTRL-F1 to F13, CTRL-F2 to F14, etc.
+sp This option indicates that the standard escape
codes should be generated for keypad and function
keys.
-t This option indicates that xterm should start in
Tektronix mode, rather than in VT102 mode.
Switching between the two windows is done using
the ``Options'' menus. Termcap(5) entries that
work with xterm ``tek4014,'' ``tek4015,''
``tek4012'', ``tek4013'' and ``tek4010,'' and
``dumb.'' xterm automatically searches the term-
cap file in this order for these entries and then
sets the ``TERM'' and the ``TERMCAP'' environment
variables.
+t This option indicates that xterm should start in
VT102 mode.
-tb This option, corresponding to the toolBar
resource, indicates that xterm should display a
toolbar (or menubar) at the top of its window.
The buttons in the toolbar correspond to the popup
menus, e.g., control/left/mouse for "Main
Options".
+tb This option indicates that xterm should not set up
a toolbar.
-ti term_id
Specify the name used by xterm to select the cor-
rect response to terminal ID queries. It also
specifies the emulation level, used to determine
the type of response to a DA control sequence.
Valid values include vt52, vt100, vt101, vt102,
and vt220 (the "vt" is optional). The default is
vt100. The term_id argument specifies the termi-
nal ID to use. (This is the same as the decTermi-
nalID resource).
-tm string
This option specifies a series of terminal setting
keywords followed by the characters that should be
bound to those functions, similar to the stty pro-
gram. The keywords and their values are described
in detail in the ttyModes resource.
-tn name
This option specifies the name of the terminal
type to be set in the TERM environment variable.
It corresponds to the termName resource. This
terminal type must exist in the terminal database
(termcap or terminfo, depending on how xterm is
built) and should have li# and co# entries. If
the terminal type is not found, xterm uses the
built-in list ``xterm'', ``vt102'', etc.
-u8 This option sets the utf8 resource. When utf8 is
set, xterm interprets incoming data as UTF-8.
This sets the wideChars resource as a side-effect,
but the UTF-8 mode set by this option prevents it
from being turned off. If you must turn it on and
off, use the wideChars resource.
This option and the utf8 resource are overridden
by the -lc and -en options and locale resource.
That is, if xterm has been compiled to support
luit, and the locale resource is not ``false''
this option is ignored. We recommend using the
-lc option or the ``locale: true'' resource in
UTF-8 locales when your operating system supports
locale, or -en UTF-8 option or the
``locale: UTF-8'' resource when your operating
system does not support locale.
+u8 This option resets the utf8 resource.
-ulc This option disables the display of characters
with underline attribute as color rather than with
underlining.
+ulc This option enables the display of characters with
underline attribute as color rather than with
underlining.
-ut This option indicates that xterm should not write
a record into the the system utmp log file.
+ut This option indicates that xterm should write a
record into the system utmp log file.
-vb This option indicates that a visual bell is pre-
ferred over an audible one. Instead of ringing
the terminal bell whenever a Control-G is
received, the window will be flashed.
+vb This option indicates that a visual bell should
not be used.
-wc This option sets the wideChars resource. When
wideChars is set, xterm maintains internal struc-
tures for 16-bit characters. If you do not set
this resource to ``true'', xterm will ignore the
escape sequence which turns UTF-8 mode on and off.
The default is ``false''.
+wc This option resets the wideChars resource.
-wf This option indicates that xterm should wait for
the window to be mapped the first time before
starting the subprocess so that the initial termi-
nal size settings and environment variables are
correct. It is the application's responsibility
to catch subsequent terminal size changes.
+wf This option indicates that xterm should not wait
before starting the subprocess.
-ziconbeep percent
Same as zIconBeep resource. If percent is non-
zero, xterms that produce output while iconified
will cause an XBell sound at the given volume and
have "***" prepended to their icon titles. Most
window managers will detect this change immedi-
ately, showing you which window has the output.
(A similar feature was in x10 xterm.)
-C This option indicates that this window should
receive console output. This is not supported on
all systems. To obtain console output, you must
be the owner of the console device, and you must
have read and write permission for it. If you are
running X under xdm on the console screen you may
need to have the session startup and reset pro-
grams explicitly change the ownership of the con-
sole device in order to get this option to work.
-Sccn This option allows xterm to be used as an input
and output channel for an existing program and is
sometimes used in specialized applications. The
option value specifies the last few letters of the
name of a pseudo-terminal to use in slave mode,
plus the number of the inherited file descriptor.
If the option contains a ``/'' character, that
delimits the characters used for the pseudo-termi-
nal name from the file descriptor. Otherwise,
exactly two characters are used from the option
for the pseudo-terminal name, the remainder is the
file descriptor. Examples:
-S123/45
-Sab34
Note that xterm does not close any file descriptor
which it did not open for its own use. It is pos-
sible (though probably not portable) to have an
application which passes an open file descriptor
down to xterm past the initialization or the -S
option to a process running in the xterm.
The following command line arguments are provided for com-
patibility with older versions. They may not be supported
in the next release as the X Toolkit provides standard
options that accomplish the same task.
%geom This option specifies the preferred size and posi-
tion of the Tektronix window. It is shorthand for
specifying the ``*tekGeometry'' resource.
#geom This option specifies the preferred position of
the icon window. It is shorthand for specifying
the ``*iconGeometry'' resource.
-T string
This option specifies the title for xterm's win-
dows. It is equivalent to -title.
-n string
This option specifies the icon name for xterm's
windows. It is shorthand for specifying the
``*iconName'' resource. Note that this is not the
same as the toolkit option -name (see below). The
default icon name is the application name.
-r This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and back-
ground colors. It is equivalent to -rv.
-w number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the
border surrounding the window. It is equivalent
to -borderwidth or -bw.
The following standard X Toolkit command line arguments
are commonly used with xterm:
-bd color
This option specifies the color to use for the
border of the window. xterm uses the X Toolkit
default, which is ``XtDefaultForeground''.
-bg color
This option specifies the color to use for the
background of the window. The default is ``XtDe-
faultBackground.''
-bw number
This option specifies the width in pixels of the
border surrounding the window.
-display display
This option specifies the X server to contact; see
X(1).
-fg color
This option specifies the color to use for dis-
playing text. The default is ``XtDefaultFore-
ground.''
-fn font
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing normal text. The default is fixed.
-font font
This is the same as -fn.
-geometry geometry
This option specifies the preferred size and
position of the VT102 window; see X(1).
-iconic This option indicates that xterm should ask the
window manager to start it as an icon rather than
as the normal window.
-name name
This option specifies the application name under
which resources are to be obtained, rather than
the default executable file name. Name should not
contain ``.'' or ``*'' characters.
-rv This option indicates that reverse video should be
simulated by swapping the foreground and back-
ground colors.
+rv Disable the simulation of reverse video by swap-
ping foreground and background colors.
-title string
This option specifies the window title string,
which may be displayed by window managers if the
user so chooses. The default title is the command
line specified after the -e option, if any, other-
wise the application name.
-xrm resourcestring
This option specifies a resource string to be
used. This is especially useful for setting
resources that do not have separate command line
options.
RESOURCES
The program understands all of the core X Toolkit resource
names and classes. Application specific resources (e.g.,
"XTerm.NAME") follow:
backarrowKeyIsErase (class BackarrowKeyIsErase)
Tie the VTxxx backarrowKey and ptyInitialErase
resources together by setting the DECBKM state
according to whether the initial value of stty
erase is a backspace (8) or delete (127) charac-
ter. The default is ``false'', which disables
this feature.
hold (class Hold)
If true, xterm will not immediately destroy its
window when the shell command completes. It will
wait until you use the window manager to
destroy/kill the window, or if you use the menu
entries that send a signal, e.g., HUP or KILL.
You may scroll back, select text, etc., to perform
most graphical operations. Resizing the display
will lose data, however, since this involves
interaction with the shell which is no longer run-
ning.
hpFunctionKeys (class HpFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not HP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys
instead of standard escape sequences. See also
the keyboardType resource.
iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
application when iconified. It is not necessarily
obeyed by all window managers.
iconName (class IconName)
Specifies the icon name. The default is the
application name.
keyboardType (class KeyboardType)
Enables one (or none) of the various keyboard-type
resources: hpFunctionKeys, scoFunctionKeys, sun-
FunctionKeys and sunKeyboard. The resource's
value should be one of the corresponding strings
hp, sco, sun or vt220. The individual resources
are provided for legacy support; this resource is
simpler to use.
maxBufSize (class MaxBufSize)
Specify the maximum size of the input buffer. The
default is 32768. You cannot set this to a value
less than the minBufSize resource. It will be
increased as needed to make that value evenly
divide this one.
On some systems you may want to increase one or
both of the maxBufSize and minBufSize resource
values to achieve better performance if the oper-
ating system prefers larger buffer sizes.
messages (class Messages)
Specifies whether write access to the terminal is
allowed initially. See mesg(1). The default is
``true''.
minBufSize (class MinBufSize)
Specify the minimum size of the input buffer,
i.e., the amount of data that xterm requests on
each read. The default is 4096. You cannot set
this to a value less than 64.
ptyHandshake (class PtyHandshake)
If ``true'', xterm will perform handshaking during
initialization to ensure that the parent and child
processes update the utmp and stty state. The
default is ``true''.
ptyInitialErase (class PtyInitialErase)
If ``true'', xterm will use the pseudo-terminal's
sense of the stty erase value. If ``false'',
xterm will set the stty erase value to match its
own configuration, using the kb string from the
termcap entry as a reference, if available. In
either case, the result is applied to the TERMCAP
variable which xterm sets. The default is
``false''.
sameName (class SameName)
If the value of this resource is ``true'', xterm
does not send title and icon name change requests
when the request would have no effect: the name is
not changed. This has the advantage of preventing
flicker and the disadvantage of requiring an extra
round trip to the server to find out the previous
value. In practice this should never be a prob-
lem. The default is ``true''.
scoFunctionKeys (class ScoFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not SCP Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys
instead of standard escape sequences. See also
the keyboardType resource.
sessionMgt (class SessionMgt)
If the value of this resource is ``true'', xterm
sets up session manager callbacks for XtNdieCall-
back and XtNsaveCallback. The default is
``true''.
sunFunctionKeys (class SunFunctionKeys)
Specifies whether or not Sun Function Key escape
codes should be generated for function keys
instead of standard escape sequences. See also
the keyboardType resource.
sunKeyboard (class SunKeyboard)
Specifies whether or not Sun/PC keyboard layout
should be assumed rather than DEC VT220. This
causes the keypad `+' to be mapped to `,'. and
CTRL F1-F12 to F11-F20, depending on the setting
of the ctrlFKeys resource. so xterm emulates a
DEC VT220 more accurately. Otherwise (the
default, with sunKeyboard set to ``false''), xterm
uses PC-style bindings for the function keys and
keypad.
PC-style bindings use the Shift, Alt, Control and
Meta keys as modifiers for function-keys and key-
pad (see the document Xterm Control Sequences for
details). The PC-style bindings are analogous to
PCTerm, but not the same thing. Normally these
bindings do not conflict with the use of the Meta
key as described for the eightBitInput resource.
If they do, note that the PC-style bindings are
evaluated first. See also the keyboardType
resource.
termName (class TermName)
Specifies the terminal type name to be set in the
TERM environment variable.
title (class Title)
Specifies a string that may be used by the window
manager when displaying this application.
toolBar (class ToolBar)
Specifies whether or not the toolbar should be
displayed. The default is ``true.''
ttyModes (class TtyModes)
Specifies a string containing terminal setting
keywords and the characters to which they may be
bound. Allowable keywords include: brk, dsusp,
eof, eol, eol2, erase, erase2, flush, intr, kill,
lnext, quit, rprnt, start, status, stop, susp,
swtch and weras. Control characters may be speci-
fied as ^char (e.g., ^c or ^u) and ^? may be used
to indicate delete (127). Use ^- to denote undef.
Use \034 to represent ^\, since a literal back-
slash in an X resource escapes the next character.
This is very useful for overriding the default
terminal settings without having to do an stty
every time an xterm is started. Note, however,
that the stty program on a given host may use
different keywords; xterm's table is built-in.
useInsertMode (class UseInsertMode)
Force use of insert mode by adding appropriate
entries to the TERMCAP environment variable. This
is useful if the system termcap is broken. The
default is ``false.''
utmpDisplayId (class UtmpDisplayId)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to
record the display identifier (display number and
screen number) as well as the hostname in the sys-
tem utmp log file. The default is ``true.''
utmpInhibit (class UtmpInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should try to
record the user's terminal in the system utmp log
file. If true, xterm will not try. The default
is ``false.''
waitForMap (class WaitForMap)
Specifies whether or not xterm should wait for the
initial window map before starting the subprocess.
The default is ``false.''
zIconBeep (class ZIconBeep)
Same as -ziconbeep command line argument. If the
value of this resource is non-zero, xterms that
produce output while iconified will cause an XBell
sound at the given volume and have "***" prepended
to their icon titles. Most window managers will
detect this change immediately, showing you which
window has the output. (A similar feature was in
x10 xterm.) The default is ``false.''
The following resources are specified as part of the vt100
widget (class VT100): These are specified by patterns such
as "XTerm.vt100.NAME":
activeIcon (class ActiveIcon)
Specifies whether or not active icon windows are
to be used when the xterm window is iconified, if
this feature is compiled into xterm. The active
icon is a miniature representation of the content
of the window and will update as the content
changes. Not all window managers necessarily sup-
port application icon windows. Some window man-
agers will allow you to enter keystrokes into the
active icon window. The default is ``false.''
allowC1Printable (class AllowC1Printable)
If true, overrides the mapping of C1 controls
(codes 128-159) to make them be treated as if they
were printable characters. Although this corre-
sponds to no particular standard, some users
insist it is a VT100. The default is ``false.''
allowSendEvents (class AllowSendEvents)
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and button
events (generated using the X protocol SendEvent
request) should be interpreted or discarded. The
default is ``false'' meaning they are discarded.
Note that allowing such events creates a very
large security hole. The default is ``false.''
allowWindowOps (class AllowWindowOps)
Specifies whether extended window control
sequences (as used in dtterm) for should be
allowed. The default is ``true.''
alwaysHighlight (class AlwaysHighlight)
Specifies whether or not xterm should always dis-
play a highlighted text cursor. By default (if
this resource is false), a hollow text cursor is
displayed whenever the pointer moves out of the
window or the window loses the input focus. The
default is ``false.''
alwaysUseMods (class AlwaysUseMods)
Override the numLock resource, telling xterm to
use the Alt and Meta modifiers to construct param-
eters for function key sequences even if those
modifiers appear in the translations resource.
The default is ``false.''
answerbackString (class AnswerbackString)
Specifies the string that xterm sends in response
to an ENQ (control/E) character from the host.
The default is a blank string, i.e., ``''. A
hardware VT100 implements this feature as a setup
option.
appcursorDefault (class AppcursorDefault)
If ``true,'' the cursor keys are initially in
application mode. This is the same as the VT102
private DECCKM mode, The default is ``false.''
appkeypadDefault (class AppkeypadDefault)
If ``true,'' the keypad keys are initially in
application mode. The default is ``false.''
autoWrap (class AutoWrap)
Specifies whether or not auto-wraparound should be
enabled. This is the same as the VT102 DECAWM.
The default is ``true.''
awaitInput (class AwaitInput)
Specifies whether or not the xterm uses a 50 mil-
lisecond timeout to await input (i.e., to support
the Xaw3d arrow scrollbar). The default is
``false.''
backarrowKey (class BackarrowKey)
Specifies whether the backarrow key transmits a
backspace (8) or delete (127) character. This
corresponds to the DECBKM control sequence. The
default (backspace) is ``true.'' Pressing the
control key toggles this behavior.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of
the window. The default is ``XtDefaultBack-
ground.''
bellOnReset (class BellOnReset)
Specifies whether to sound a bell when doing a
hard reset. The default is ``true.''
bellSuppressTime (class BellSuppressTime)
Number of milliseconds after a bell command is
sent during which additional bells will be sup-
pressed. Default is 200. If set non-zero,
additional bells will also be suppressed until the
server reports that processing of the first bell
has been completed; this feature is most useful
with the visible bell.
boldColors (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether to combine bold attribute with
colors like the IBM PC, i.e., map colors 0 through
7 to colors 8 through 15. These normally are the
brighter versions of the first 8 colors, hence
bold. The default is ``true.''
boldFont (class BoldFont)
Specifies the name of the bold font to use instead
of overstriking. There is no default for this
resource.
boldMode (class BoldMode)
This specifies whether or not text with the bold
attribute should be overstruck to simulate bold
fonts if the resolved bold font is the same as the
normal font. It may be desirable to disable bold
fonts when color is being used for the bold
attribute. Note that xterm has one bold font
which you may set explicitly. It attempts to
match a bold font for the other font selections
(font1 through font6). If the normal and bold
fonts are distinct, this resource has no effect.
The default is ``true.''
Although xterm attempts to match a bold font for
other font selections, the font server may not
cooperate. Since X11R6, bitmap fonts have been
scaled. The font server claims to provide the
bold font that xterm requests, but the result is
not always readable. XFree86 provides a feature
which can be used to suppress the scaling. In the
X server's configuration file (e.g.,
"/etc/X11/XFree86"), you can add ":unscaled" to
the end of the directory specification for the
"misc" fonts, which comprise the fixed-pitch fonts
that are used by xterm. For example
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
would become
FontPath "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/:unscaled"
Depending on your configuration, the font server
may have its own configuration file. The same
":unscaled" can be added to its configuration file
at the end of the directory specification for
"misc".
brokenLinuxOSC (class BrokenLinuxOSC)
If true, xterm applies a workaround to ignore mal-
formed control sequences that a Linux script might
send. Compare the palette control sequences docu-
mented in console_codes with ECMA-48. The default
is ``true.''
brokenSelections (class BrokenSelections)
If true, xterm in 8-bit mode will interpret STRING
selections as carrying text in the current
locale's encoding. Normally STRING selections
carry ISO-8859-1 encoded text. Setting this
resource to ``true'' violates the ICCCM; it may,
however, be useful for interacting with some bro-
ken X clients. The default is ``false.''
brokenStringTerm (class BrokenStringTerm)
provides a work-around for some ISDN routers which
start an application control string without com-
pleting it. Set this to ``true'' if xterm appears
to freeze when connecting. The default is
``false.''
c132 (class C132)
Specifies whether or not the VT102 DECCOLM escape
sequence, used to switch between 80 and 132
columns, should be honored. The default is
``false.''
cacheDoublesize (class CacheDoublesize)
Specifies the maximum number of double-sized fonts
which are cached by xterm. The default (8) may be
too large for some X terminals with limited mem-
ory. Set this to zero to disable doublesize fonts
altogether.
charClass (class CharClass)
Specifies comma-separated lists of character class
bindings of the form [low-]high:value. These are
used in determining which sets of characters
should be treated the same when doing cut and
paste. See the CHARACTER CLASSES section.
cjkWidth (class CjkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should follow the tradi-
tional East Asian width convention. When turned
on, characters with East Asian Ambiguous (A) cate-
gory in UTR 11 have a column width of 2. You may
have to set this option to ``true'' if you have
some old East Asian terminal based programs that
assume that line-drawing characters have a column
width of 2. The default is ``false.''
color0 (class Color0)
color1 (class Color1)
color2 (class Color2)
color3 (class Color3)
color4 (class Color4)
color5 (class Color5)
color6 (class Color6)
color7 (class Color7)
These specify the colors for the ISO 6429 exten-
sion. The defaults are, respectively, black,
red3, green3, yellow3, a customizable dark blue,
magenta3, cyan3, and gray90. The default shades
of color are chosen to allow the colors 8-15 to be
used as brighter versions.
color8 (class Color8)
color9 (class Color9)
color10 (class Color10)
color11 (class Color11)
color12 (class Color12)
color13 (class Color13)
color14 (class Color14)
color15 (class Color15)
These specify the colors for the ISO 6429 exten-
sion if the bold attribute is also enabled. The
default resource values are respectively, gray30,
red, green, yellow, a customizable light blue,
magenta, cyan, and white.
color16 (class Color16)
through
color255 (class Color255)
These specify the colors for the 256-color exten-
sion. The default resource values are for colors
16 through 231 to make a 6x6x6 color cube, and
colors 232 through 255 to make a grayscale ramp.
colorAttrMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether colorBD, colorBL, colorRV, and
colorUL should override ANSI colors. If not,
these are displayed only when no ANSI colors have
been set for the corresponding position. The
default is ``false.''
colorBD (class ColorBD)
This specifies the color to use to display bold
characters if the ``colorBDMode'' resource is
enabled. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
colorBDMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the bold
attribute should be displayed in color or as bold
characters. Note that setting colorMode off dis-
ables all colors, including bold. The default is
``false.''
colorBL (class ColorBL)
This specifies the color to use to display blink
characters if the ``colorBLMode'' resource is
enabled. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
colorBLMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the blink
attribute should be displayed in color. Note that
setting colorMode off disables all colors, includ-
ing this. The default is ``false.''
colorMode (class ColorMode)
Specifies whether or not recognition of ANSI (ISO
6429) color change escape sequences should be
enabled. The default is ``true.''
colorRV (class ColorRV)
This specifies the color to use to display reverse
characters if the ``colorRVMode'' resource is
enabled. The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
colorRVMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the reverse
attribute should be displayed in color. Note that
setting colorMode off disables all colors, includ-
ing this. The default is ``false.''
colorUL (class ColorUL)
This specifies the color to use to display under-
lined characters if the ``colorULMode'' resource
is enabled. The default is ``XtDefaultFore-
ground.''
colorULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline
attribute should be displayed in color or as
underlined characters. Note that setting color-
Mode off disables all colors, including underlin-
ing. The default is ``false.''
combiningChars (class CombiningChars)
Specifies the number of wide-characters which can
be stored in a cell to overstrike (combine) with
the base character of the cell. This can be set
to values in the range 0 to 4. The default is
``2''.
ctrlFKeys (class CtrlFKeys)
In VT220 keyboard mode (see sunKeyboard resource),
specifies the amount by which to shift F1-F12
given a control modifier (CTRL). This allows you
to generate key symbols for F10-F20 on a Sun/PC
keyboard. The default is ``10'', which means that
CTRL F1 generates the key symbol for F11.
curses (class Curses)
Specifies whether or not the last column bug in
more(1) should be worked around. See the -cu
option for details. The default is ``false.''
cursorBlink (class CursorBlink)
Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. The
default is ``false.''
cursorColor (class CursorColor)
Specifies the color to use for the text cursor.
The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.'' Xterm
attempts to keep this color from being the same as
the background color, since it draws the cursor by
filling the background of a text cell. The same
restriction applies to control sequences which may
change this color.
cursorOffTime (class CursorOffTime)
Specifies the duration of the "off" part of the
cursor blink cycle-time in milliseconds. The same
timer is used for text blinking. The default is
300.
cursorOnTime (class CursorOnTime)
Specifies the duration of the "on" part of the
cursor blink cycle-time, in milliseconds. The
same timer is used for text blinking. The default
is 600.
cutNewline (class CutNewline)
If ``false'', triple clicking to select a line
does not include the Newline at the end of the
line. If ``true'', the Newline is selected. The
default is ``true.''
cutToBeginningOfLine (class CutToBeginningOfLine)
If ``false'', triple clicking to select a line
selects only from the current word forward. If
``true'', the entire line is selected. The
default is ``true.''
decTerminalID (class DecTerminalID)
Specifies the emulation level (100=VT100,
220=VT220, etc.), used to determine the type of
response to a DA control sequence. Leading non-
digit characters are ignored, e.g., "vt100" and
"100" are the same. The default is 100.
deleteIsDEL (class DeleteIsDEL)
Specifies whether the Delete key on the editing
keypad should send DEL (127) or the VT220-style
Remove escape sequence. The default is ``false,''
for the latter.
dynamicColors (class DynamicColors)
Specifies whether or not escape sequences to
change colors assigned to different attributes are
recognized.
eightBitControl (class EightBitControl)
Specifies whether or not control sequences sent by
the terminal should be eight-bit characters or
escape sequences. The default is ``false.''
eightBitInput (class EightBitInput)
If ``true'', Meta characters (a single-byte char-
acter combined with the keys modifier key) input
from the keyboard are presented as a single char-
acter with the eighth bit turned on. The terminal
is put into 8-bit mode. If ``false'', Meta char-
acters are converted into a two-character sequence
with the character itself preceded by ESC. On
startup, xterm tries to put the terminal into
7-bit mode. The metaSendsEscape resource may
override this. The default is ``true.''
Generally keyboards do not have a key labeled
"Meta", but "Alt" keys are common, and they are
conventionally used for "Meta". If they were syn-
onymous, it would have been reasonable to name
this resource "altSendsEscape", reversing its
sense. For more background on this, see the meta
function in curses.
Note that the Alt key is not necessarily the same
as the Meta modifier. xmodmap lists your key mod-
ifiers. X defines modifiers for shift, (caps)
lock and control, as well as 5 additional modi-
fiers which are generally used to configure key
modifiers. xterm inspects the same information to
find the modifier associated with either Meta key
(left or right), and uses that key as the Meta
modifier. It also looks for the NumLock key, to
recognize the modifier which is associated with
that.
If your xmodmap configuration uses the same key-
codes for Alt- and Meta-keys, xterm will only see
the Alt-key definitions, since those are tested
before Meta-keys. NumLock is tested first. It is
important to keep these keys distinct; otherwise
some of xterm's functionality is not available.
eightBitOutput (class EightBitOutput)
Specifies whether or not eight-bit characters sent
from the host should be accepted as is or stripped
when printed. The default is ``true,'' which
means that they are accepted as is.
faceName (class FaceName)
Specify the pattern for fonts selected from the
FreeType library if support for that library was
compiled into xterm. There is no default. If not
specified, or if there is no match for both normal
and bold fonts, xterm uses the font and related
resources.
faceNameDoublesize (class FaceNameDoublesize)
Specify an double-width font for cases where an
application requires this, e.g., in CJK applica-
tions. There is no default. If the application
uses double-wide characters and this resource is
not given, xterm will use a scaled version of the
font given by faceName.
faceSize (class FaceSize)
Specify the pointsize for fonts selected from the
FreeType library if support for that library was
compiled into xterm. The default is ``14.'' On
the VT Fonts menu, this corresponds to the Default
entry. You can specify the pointsize for TrueType
fonts selected with the other size-related menu
entries such as Medium, Huge, etc., by using one
of the following resource values. If you do not
specify a value, they default to ``0.0'', which
causes xterm to use the ratio of font sizes from
the bitmap font resources to obtain a TrueType
pointsize.
faceSize1 (class FaceSize1)
Specifies the pointsize of the first alternative
font.
faceSize2 (class FaceSize2)
Specifies the pointsize of the second alternative
font.
faceSize3 (class FaceSize3)
Specifies the pointsize of the third alternative
font.
faceSize4 (class FaceSize4)
Specifies the pointsize of the fourth alternative
font.
faceSize5 (class FaceSize5)
Specifies the pointsize of the fifth alternative
font.
faceSize6 (class FaceSize6)
Specifies the pointsize of the sixth alternative
font.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the normal font. The
default is ``fixed.''
See the discussion of the locale resource, which
describes how this font may be overridden.
NOTE: some resource files use patterns such as
*font: fixed
which are overly broad, affecting both
xterm.vt100.font
and
xterm.vt100.utf8fonts.font
which is probably not what you intended.
font1 (class Font1)
Specifies the name of the first alternative font.
font2 (class Font2)
Specifies the name of the second alternative font.
font3 (class Font3)
Specifies the name of the third alternative font.
font4 (class Font4)
Specifies the name of the fourth alternative font.
font5 (class Font5)
Specifies the name of the fifth alternative font.
font6 (class Font6)
Specifies the name of the sixth alternative font.
fontDoublesize (class FontDoublesize)
Specifies whether xterm should attempt to use font
scaling to draw doublesize characters. Some older
font servers cannot do this properly, will return
misleading font metrics. The default is ``true''.
If disabled, xterm will simulate doublesize char-
acters by drawing normal characters with spaces
between them.
forceBoxChars (class ForceBoxChars)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the normal
and bold fonts have VT100 line-drawing characters:
- The fixed-pitch ISO-8859-*-encoded fonts used
by xterm normally have the VT100 line-drawing
glyphs in cells 1-31. Other fixed-pitch
fonts may be more attractive, but lack these
glyphs.
- When using an ISO-10646-1 font and the
wideChars resource is true, xterm uses the
Unicode glyphs which match the VT100 line-
drawing glyphs.
If ``false'', xterm checks for missing glyphs in
the font and makes line-drawing characters
directly as needed. If ``true'', xterm uses what-
ever is in the font without checking. The default
is ``false.''
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for displaying text in
the window. Setting the class name instead of the
instance name is an easy way to have everything
that would normally appear in the text color
change color. The default is ``XtDefaultFore-
ground.''
freeBoldBox (class freeBoldBox)
Specifies whether xterm should assume the bounding
boxes for normal and bold fonts are compatible.
If ``false'', xterm compares them and will reject
choices of bold fonts that do not match the size
of the normal font. The default is ``false'',
which means that the comparison is performed.
geometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
VT102 window. There is no default for this
resource.
highlightColor (class HighlightColor)
Specifies the color to use for the background of
selected or otherwise highlighted text. If not
specified, reverse video is used. The default is
``XtDefaultForeground.''
highlightSelection (class HighlightSelection)
If ``false'', selecting with the mouse highlights
all positions on the screen between the beginning
of the selection and the current position. If
``true'', xterm highlights only the positions that
contain text that can be selected. The default is
``false.''
Depending on the way your applications write to
the screen, there may be trailing blanks on a
line. Xterm stores data as it is shown on the
screen. Erasing the display changes the internal
state of each cell so it is not considered a blank
for the purpose of selection. Blanks written
since the last erase are selectable. If you do
not wish to have trailing blanks in a selection,
use the trimSelection resource.
hpLowerleftBugCompat (class HpLowerleftBugCompat)
Specifies whether to work around a bug in HP's
xdb, which ignores termcap and always sends ESC F
to move to the lower left corner. ``true'' causes
xterm to interpret ESC F as a request to move to
the lower left corner of the screen. The default
is ``false.''
i18nSelections (class I18nSelections)
If false, xterm will never request the targets
COMPOUND_TEXT or TEXT. The default is ``true.''
It may be set to false in order to work around
ICCCM violations by other X clients.
iconBorderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the border color for the active icon
window if this feature is compiled into xterm.
Not all window managers will make the icon border
visible.
iconBorderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the border width for the active icon
window if this feature is compiled into xterm.
The default is 2. Not all window managers will
make the border visible.
iconFont (class IconFont)
Specifies the font for the miniature active icon
window, if this feature is compiled into xterm.
The default is "nil2".
internalBorder (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the number of pixels between the charac-
ters and the window border. The default is 2.
italicULMode (class ColorAttrMode)
Specifies whether characters with the underline
attribute should be displayed in an italic font or
as underlined characters.
jumpScroll (class JumpScroll)
Specifies whether or not jump scroll should be
used. This corresponds to the VT102 DECSCLM pri-
vate mode. The default is ``true.''
keyboardDialect (class KeyboardDialect)
Specifies the initial keyboard dialect, as well as
the default value when the terminal is reset. The
value given is the same as the final character in
the control sequences which change character sets.
The default is ``B'', which corresponds to US
ASCII.
nameKeymap (class NameKeymap)
See the discussion of the keymap() action.
limitResize (class LimitResize)
Limits resizing of the screen via control sequence
to a given multiple of the display dimensions.
The default is ``1''.
locale (class Locale)
Specifies how to use luit, an encoding converter
between UTF-8 and locale encodings. The resource
value (ignoring case) may be:
true
xterm will use the encoding specified by the
users' LC_CTYPE locale (i.e., LC_ALL,
LC_CTYPE, or LANG variables) as far as possi-
ble. This is realized by always enabling
UTF-8 mode and invoking luit in non-UTF-8
locales.
medium
xterm will follow users' LC_CTYPE locale only
for UTF-8, east Asian, and Thai locales, where
the encodings were not supported by conven-
tional 8bit mode with changing fonts. For
other locales, xterm will use conventional
8bit mode.
checkfont
If mini-luit is compiled-in, xterm will check
if a Unicode font has been specified. If so,
it checks if the character encoding for the
current locale is POSIX, Latin-1 or Latin-9,
uses the appropriate mapping to support those
with the Unicode font. For other encodings,
xterm assumes that UTF-8 encoding is required.
false
xterm will use conventional 8bit mode or UTF-8
mode according to utf8 resource or -u8 option.
Any other value, e.g., ``UTF-8'' or ``ISO8859-2'',
is assumed to be an encoding name; luit will be
invoked to support the encoding. The actual list
of supported encodings depends on luit. The
default is ``medium''.
Regardless of your locale and encoding, you need
an ISO-10646-1 font to display the result. Your
configuration may not include this font, or
locale-support by xterm may not be needed. At
startup, xterm uses a mechanism equivalent to the
load-vt-fonts(utf8Fonts, Utf8Fonts) action to load
font name subresources of the VT100 widget. That
is, resource patterns such as
"*vt100.utf8Fonts.font" will be loaded, and (if
this resource is enabled), override the normal
fonts. If no subresources are found, the normal
fonts such as "*vt100.font", etc., are used. The
resource files distributed with xterm use
ISO-10646-1 fonts, but do not rely on them unless
you are using the locale mechanism.
localeFilter (class LocaleFilter)
Specifies the file name for the encoding converter
from/to locale encodings and UTF-8 which is used
with the -lc option or locale resource. The help
message shown by ``xterm -help'' lists the default
value, which depends on your system configuration.
loginShell (class LoginShell)
Specifies whether or not the shell to be run in
the window should be started as a login shell.
The default is ``false.''
marginBell (class MarginBell)
Specifies whether or not the bell should be rung
when the user types near the right margin. The
default is ``false.''
metaSendsEscape (class MetaSendsEscape)
If ``true'', Meta characters (a character combined
with the Meta modifier key) are converted into a
two-character sequence with the character itself
preceded by ESC. This applies as well to function
key control sequences, unless xterm sees that Meta
is used in your key translations. If ``false'',
Meta characters input from the keyboard are han-
dled according to the eightBitInput resource. The
default is ``false.''
mkWidth (class MkWidth)
Specifies whether xterm should use a built-in ver-
sion of the wide character width calculation. The
default is ``false.''
modifyCursorKeys (class ModifyCursorKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where
Control-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used
to add a parameter to the escape sequence returned
by a cursor-key. The default is ``2'':
Set it to -1 to disable it.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second
parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a '>' to
hint that it is private.
modifyFunctionKeys (class ModifyFunctionKeys)
Tells how to handle the special case where Con-
trol-, Shift-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers are used to
add a parameter to the escape sequence returned by
a (numbered) function-key. The default is ``2''.
The resource values are similar to modifyCur-
sorKeys:
Set it to -1 to permit the user to use shift- and
control-modifiers to construct function-key
strings using the normal encoding scheme.
Set it to 0 to use the old/obsolete behavior.
Set it to 1 to prefix modified sequences with CSI.
Set it to 2 to force the modifier to be the second
parameter if it would otherwise be the first.
Set it to 3 to mark the sequence with a '>' to
hint that it is private.
If modifyFunctionKeys is zero, xterm uses Control-
and Shift-modifiers to allow the user to construct
numbered function-keys beyond the set provided by
the keyboard:
Control
adds the value given by the ctrlFKeys
resource.
Shift
adds twice the value given by the ctrlFKeys
resource.
Control/Shift
adds three times the value given by the
ctrlFKeys resource.
As a special case, legacy (when oldFunctionKeys is
true) or vt220 (when sunKeyboard is true) key-
boards interpret only the Control-modifier when
constructing numbered function-keys. This is done
to provide compatible keyboards for DEC VT220 and
related terminals that implement user-defined keys
(UDK).
modifyOtherKeys (class ModifyOtherKeys)
Like modifyCursorKeys, tells xterm to construct an
escape sequence for other keys (such as "2") when
modified by Control-, Alt- or Meta-modifiers.
This feature does not apply to function keys and
well-defined keys such as ESC or the control keys.
The default is ``0'':
0 disables this feature.
1 enables this feature for keys except for
those with well-known behavior, e.g., Tab,
Backarrow and some special control character
cases, e.g., Control-Space to make a NUL.
2 enables this feature for keys including the
exceptions listed.
multiClickTime (class MultiClickTime)
Specifies the maximum time in milliseconds between
multi-click select events. The default is 250
milliseconds.
multiScroll (class MultiScroll)
Specifies whether or not scrolling should be done
asynchronously. The default is ``false.''
nMarginBell (class Column)
Specifies the number of characters from the right
margin at which the margin bell should be rung,
when enabled.
numLock (class NumLock)
If ``true'', xterm checks if NumLock is used as a
modifier (see xmodmap(1)). If so, this modifier
is used to simplify the logic when implementing
special NumLock for the sunKeyboard resource.
Also (when sunKeyboard is false), similar logic is
used to find the modifier associated with the left
and right Alt keys. The default is ``true.''
oldXtermFKeys (class OldXtermFKeys)
If ``true'', xterm will use old-style control
sequences for function keys F1 to F4, for compati-
bility with X Consortium xterm. Otherwise, it
uses the VT100-style codes for PF1 to PF4. The
default is ``false.''
on2Clicks (class On2Clicks)
on3Clicks (class On3Clicks)
on4Clicks (class On4Clicks)
on5Clicks (class On5Clicks)
Specify selection behavior in response to multiple
mouse clicks. A single mouse click is always
interpreted as described in the SELECTION section
(see POINTER USAGE). Multiple mouse clicks (using
the button which activates the select-start
action) are interpreted according to the resource
values of on2Clicks, etc. The resource value can
be one of these:
word
Select a ``word'' as determined by the char-
Class resource. See the CHARACTER CLASSES sec-
tion.
line
Select a line (counting wrapping).
group
Select a group of adjacent lines (counting
wrapping). The selection stops on a blank
line.
page
Select all visible lines, i.e., the page.
all
Select all lines, i.e., including the saved
lines.
regex
Select a ``word'' as determined by the regular
expression which follows in the resource value.
none
No selection action is associated with this
resource. xterm interprets it as the end of
the list. For example, you may use it to dis-
able triple (and higher) clicking by setting
on3Clicks to ``none''.
The default values for on2Clicks and on3Clicks are
``word'' and ``line'', respectively. There is no
default value for on4Clicks or on5Clicks, making
those inactive. On startup, xterm determines the
maximum number of clicks by the onXClicks resource
values which are set.
pointerColor (class PointerColor)
Specifies the foreground color of the pointer.
The default is ``XtDefaultForeground.''
pointerColorBackground (class PointerColorBackground)
Specifies the background color of the pointer.
The default is ``XtDefaultBackground.''
pointerShape (class Cursor)
Specifies the name of the shape of the pointer.
The default is ``xterm.''
popOnBell (class PopOnBell)
Specifies whether the window would be raised when
Control-G is received. The default is ``false.''
printAttributes (class PrintAttributes)
Specifies whether to print graphic attributes
along with the text. A real DEC VTxxx terminal
will print the underline, highlighting codes but
your printer may not handle these. A ``0'' dis-
ables the attributes. A ``1'' prints the normal
set of attributes (bold, underline, inverse and
blink) as VT100-style control sequences. A ``2''
prints ANSI color attributes as well. The default
is ``1.''
printerAutoClose (class PrinterAutoClose)
If ``true'', xterm will close the printer (a pipe)
when the application switches the printer offline
with a Media Copy command. The default is
``false.''
printerCommand (class PrinterCommand)
Specifies a shell command to which xterm will open
a pipe when the first MC (Media Copy) command is
initiated. The default is a blank string. If the
resource value is given as a blank string, the
printer is disabled.
printerControlMode (class PrinterControlMode)
Specifies the printer control mode. A ``1''
selects autoprint mode, which causes xterm to
print a line from the screen when you move the
cursor off that line with a line feed, form feed
or vertical tab character, or an autowrap occurs.
Autoprint mode is overridden by printer controller
mode (a ``2''), which causes all of the output to
be directed to the printer. The default is ``0.''
printerExtent (class PrinterExtent)
Controls whether a print page function will print
the entire page (true), or only the the portion
within the scrolling margins (false). The default
is ``false.''
printerFormFeed (class PrinterFormFeed)
Controls whether a form feed is sent to the
printer at the end of a print page function. The
default is ``false.''
renderFont (class RenderFont)
If xterm is built with the Xft library, this con-
trols whether the faceName resource is used. The
default is ``true.''
resizeGravity (class ResizeGravity)
Affects the behavior when the window is resized to
be taller or shorter. NorthWest specifies that
the top line of text on the screen stay fixed. If
the window is made shorter, lines are dropped from
the bottom; if the window is made taller, blank
lines are added at the bottom. This is compatible
with the behavior in R4. SouthWest (the default)
specifies that the bottom line of text on the
screen stay fixed. If the window is made taller,
additional saved lines will be scrolled down onto
the screen; if the window is made shorter, lines
will be scrolled off the top of the screen, and
the top saved lines will be dropped.
reverseVideo (class ReverseVideo)
Specifies whether or not reverse video should be
simulated. The default is ``false.''
reverseWrap (class ReverseWrap)
Specifies whether or not reverse-wraparound should
be enabled. This corresponds to xterm's private
mode 45. The default is ``false.''
rightScrollBar (class RightScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be
displayed on the right rather than the left. The
default is ``false.''
saveLines (class SaveLines)
Specifies the number of lines to save beyond the
top of the screen when a scrollbar is turned on.
The default is 64.
scrollBar (class ScrollBar)
Specifies whether or not the scrollbar should be
displayed. The default is ``false.''
scrollBarBorder (class ScrollBarBorder)
Specifies the width of the scrollbar border. Note
that this is drawn to overlap the border of the
xterm window. Modifying the scrollbar's border
affects only the line between the VT100 widget and
the scrollbar. The default value is 1.
scrollKey (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not pressing a key should
automatically cause the scrollbar to go to the
bottom of the scrolling region. This corresponds
to xterm's private mode 1011. The default is
``false.''
scrollLines (class ScrollLines)
Specifies the number of lines that the scroll-back
and scroll-forw actions should use as a default.
The default value is 1.
scrollTtyOutput (class ScrollCond)
Specifies whether or not output to the terminal
should automatically cause the scrollbar to go to
the bottom of the scrolling region. The default
is ``true.''
selectToClipboard (class SelectToClipboard)
Tells xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or CLIP-
BOARD for SELECT tokens in the selection mecha-
nism. The set-select action can change this at
runtime, allowing the user to work with programs
that handle only one of these mechanisms. The
default is ``false'', which tells it to use PRI-
MARY.
shiftFonts (class ShiftFonts)
Specifies whether to enable the actions larger-vt-
font() and smaller-vt-font(), which are normally
bound to the shifted KP_Add and KP_Subtract. The
default is ``true.''
showBlinkAsBold (class ShowBlinkAsBold)
Tells xterm whether to display text with blink-
attribute the same as bold. If xterm has not been
configured to support blinking text, the default
is ``true.'', which corresponds to older versions
of xterm, otherwise the default is ``false.''
showMissingGlyphs (class ShowMissingGlyphs)
Tells xterm whether to display a box outlining
places where a character has been used that the
font does not represent. The default is
``false.''
signalInhibit (class SignalInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the entries in the ``Main
Options'' menu for sending signals to xterm should
be disallowed. The default is ``false.''
tekGeometry (class Geometry)
Specifies the preferred size and position of the
Tektronix window. There is no default for this
resource.
tekInhibit (class TekInhibit)
Specifies whether or not the escape sequence to
enter Tektronix mode should be ignored. The
default is ``false.''
tekSmall (class TekSmall)
Specifies whether or not the Tektronix mode window
should start in its smallest size if no explicit
geometry is given. This is useful when running
xterm on displays with small screens. The default
is ``false.''
tekStartup (class TekStartup)
Specifies whether or not xterm should start up in
Tektronix mode. The default is ``false.''
tiXtraScroll (class TiXtraScroll)
Specifies whether xterm should scroll to a new
page when processing the ti termcap entry, i.e.,
the private modes 47, 1047 or 1049. This is only
in effect if titeInhibit is ``true'', because the
intent of this option is to provide a picture of
the full-screen application's display on the
scrollback without wiping out the text that would
be shown before the application was initialized.
The default for this resource is ``false.''
titeInhibit (class TiteInhibit)
Specifies whether or not xterm should remove ti
and te termcap entries (used to switch between
alternate screens on startup of many screen-ori-
ented programs) from the TERMCAP string. If set,
xterm also ignores the escape sequence to switch
to the alternate screen. Xterm supports terminfo
in a different way, supporting composite control
sequences (also known as private modes) 1047, 1048
and 1049 which have the same effect as the origi-
nal 47 control sequence. The default for this
resource is ``false.''
translations (class Translations)
Specifies the key and button bindings for menus,
selections, ``programmed strings,'' etc. The
translations resource, which provides much of
xterm's configurability, is a feature of the X
Toolkit Intrinsics library (Xt). See the ACTIONS
section.
trimSelection (class TrimSelection)
If you set highlightSelection, you can see the
text which is selected, including any trailing
spaces. Clearing the screen (or a line) resets it
to a state containing no spaces. Some lines may
contain trailing spaces when an application writes
them to the screen. However, you may not wish to
paste lines with trailing spaces. If this
resource is true, xterm will trim trailing spaces
from text which is selected. It does not affect
spaces which result in a wrapped line, nor will it
trim the trailing newline from your selection.
The default is ``false.''
underLine (class UnderLine)
This specifies whether or not text with the under-
line attribute should be underlined. It may be
desirable to disable underlining when color is
being used for the underline attribute. The
default is ``true.''
utf8 (class Utf8)
This specifies whether xterm will run in UTF-8
mode. If you set this resource, xterm also sets
the wideChars resource as a side-effect. The
resource is an integer, expected to range from 0
to 3:
0 UTF-8 mode is initially off. The command-line
option +u8 sets the resource to this value.
Escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode on/off
are allowed.
1 UTF-8 mode is initially on. Escape sequences
for turning UTF-8 mode on/off are allowed.
2 The command-line option -u8 sets the resource
to this value. Escape sequences for turning
UTF-8 mode on/off are ignored.
3 This is the default value of the resource. It
is changed during initialization depending on
whether the locale resource was set, to 0 or 2.
See the locale resource for additional discus-
sion of non-UTF-8 locales.
If you want to set the value of utf8, it should be
in this range. Other nonzero values are treated
the same as ``1'', i.e., UTF-8 mode is initially
on, and escape sequences for turning UTF-8 mode
on/off are allowed.
utf8Fonts (class Utf8Fonts)
See the discussion of the locale resource.
utf8Latin1 (class Utf8Latin1)
If true, allow an ISO-8859-1 normal font to be
combined with an ISO-10646 font if the latter is
given via the -fw option or its corresponding
resource value. The default is ``false.''
utf8Title (class Utf8Title)
Applications can set xterm's title by writing a
control sequence. Normally this control sequence
follows the VT220 convention, which encodes the
string in ISO-8859-1 and allows for an 8-bit
string terminator. If xterm is started in a UTF-8
locale, it translates the ISO-8859-1 string to
UTF-8 to work with the X libraries which assume
the string is UTF-8.
However, some users may wish to write a title
string encoded in UTF-8. Set this resource to
``true'' to allow UTF-8 encoded title strings.
That cancels the translation to UTF-8, allowing
UTF-8 strings to be displayed as is.
The default is ``false.''
veryBoldColors (class VeryBoldColors)
Specifies whether to combine video attributes with
colors specified by colorBD, colorBL, colorRV and
colorUL. The resource value is the sum of values
for each attribute:
1 for reverse,
2 for underline,
4 for bold and
8 for blink.
The default is ``0.''
visualBell (class VisualBell)
Specifies whether or not a visible bell (i.e.,
flashing) should be used instead of an audible
bell when Control-G is received. The default is
``false.''
visualBellDelay (class VisualBellDelay)
Number of milliseconds to delay when displaying a
visual bell. Default is 100. If set to zero, no
visual bell is displayed. This is useful for very
slow displays, e.g., an LCD display on a laptop.
vt100Graphics (class VT100Graphics)
This specifies whether xterm will interpret VT100
graphic character escape sequences while in UTF-8
mode. The default is ``true'', to provide support
for various legacy applications.
wideBoldFont (class WideBoldFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing bold wide text. By default, it will
attempt to use a font twice as wide as the font
that will be used to draw bold text. If no dou-
blewidth font is found, it will improvise, by
stretching the bold font.
wideChars (class WideChars)
Specifies if xterm should respond to control
sequences that process 16-bit characters. The
default is ``false.''
wideFont (class WideFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing wide text. By default, it will attempt to
use a font twice as wide as the font that will be
used to draw normal text. If no doublewidth font
is found, it will improvise, by stretching the
normal font.
ximFont (class XimFont)
This option specifies the font to be used for dis-
playing the preedit string in the "OverTheSpot"
input method.
In "OverTheSpot" preedit type, the preedit (pre-
conversion) string is displayed at the position of
the cursor. It is the XIM server's responsibility
to display the preedit string. The XIM client
must inform the XIM server of the cursor position.
For best results, the preedit string must be dis-
played with a proper font. Therefore, xterm
informs the XIM server of the proper font. The
font is be supplied by a "fontset", whose default
value is "*". This matches every font, the X
library automatically chooses fonts with proper
charsets. The ximFont resource is provided to
override this default font setting.
The following resources are specified as part of the
tek4014 widget (class Tek4014). These are specified by
patterns such as "XTerm.tek4014.NAME":
font2 (class Font)
Specifies font number 2 to use in the Tektronix
window.
font3 (class Font)
Specifies font number 3 to use in the Tektronix
window.
fontLarge (class Font)
Specifies the large font to use in the Tektronix
window.
fontSmall (class Font)
Specifies the small font to use in the Tektronix
window.
ginTerminator (class GinTerminator)
Specifies what character(s) should follow a GIN
report or status report. The possibilities are
``none,'' which sends no terminating characters,
``CRonly,'' which sends CR, and ``CR&EOT,'' which
sends both CR and EOT. The default is ``none.''
height (class Height)
Specifies the height of the Tektronix window in
pixels.
initialFont (class InitialFont)
Specifies which of the four Tektronix fonts to use
initially. Values are the same as for the set-
tek-text action. The default is ``large.''
width (class Width)
Specifies the width of the Tektronix window in
pixels.
The resources that may be specified for the various menus
are described in the documentation for the Athena Simple-
Menu widget. The name and classes of the entries in each
of the menus are listed below. Resources named "lineN"
where N is a number are separators with class SmeLine.
The mainMenu has the following entries:
toolbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-toolbar(toggle) action.
securekbd (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the secure() action.
allowsends (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the allow-send-events(toggle)
action.
redraw (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the redraw() action.
logging (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the logging(toggle) action.
print (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print() action.
print-redir (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the print-redir() action.
8-bit-control (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-8-bit-control(toggle)
action.
backarrow key (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-backarrow(toggle)
action.
num-lock (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-num-lock(toggle)
action.
alt-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the alt-sends-escape(toggle)
action.
meta-esc (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the meta-sends-escape(toggle)
action.
delete-is-del (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the delete-is-del(toggle)
action.
oldFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the old-function-keys(toggle)
action.
hpFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hp-function-keys(toggle)
action.
scoFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sco-function-keys(toggle)
action.
sunFunctionKeys (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sun-function-keys(toggle)
action.
sunKeyboard (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the sunKeyboard(toggle) action.
suspend (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(tstp) action on
systems that support job control.
continue (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(cont) action on
systems that support job control.
interrupt (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(int) action.
hangup (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(hup) action.
terminate (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(term) action.
kill (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the send-signal(kill) action.
quit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the quit() action.
The vtMenu has the following entries:
scrollbar (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scrollbar(toggle)
action.
jumpscroll (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-jumpscroll(toggle)
action.
reversevideo (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reverse-video(toggle)
action.
autowrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autowrap(toggle)
action.
reversewrap (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-reversewrap(toggle)
action.
autolinefeed (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-autolinefeed(toggle)
action.
appcursor (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appcursor(toggle)
action.
appkeypad (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-appkeypad(toggle)
action.
scrollkey (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-key(toggle)
action.
scrollttyoutput (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-scroll-on-tty-out-
put(toggle) action.
allow132 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-allow132(toggle)
action.
cursesemul (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursesemul(toggle)
action.
visualbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visualbell(toggle)
action.
poponbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-poponbell(toggle)
action.
marginbell (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-marginbell(toggle)
action.
cursorblink (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-cursorblink(toggle)
action.
titeInhibit (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-titeInhibit(toggle)
action.
activeicon (class SmeBSB)
This entry toggles active icons on and off if this
feature was compiled into xterm. It is enabled
only if xterm was started with the command line
option +ai or the activeIcon resource is set to
``True.''
softreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the soft-reset() action.
hardreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the hard-reset() action.
clearsavedlines (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the clear-saved-lines() action.
tekshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle)
action.
tekmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(tek)
action.
vthide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,off)
action.
altscreen (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-altscreen(toggle)
action.
The fontMenu has the following entries:
fontdefault (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(d) action.
font1 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(1) action.
font2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(2) action.
font3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(3) action.
font4 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(4) action.
font5 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(5) action.
font6 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(6) action.
fontescape (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(e) action.
fontsel (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-vt-font(s) action.
font-linedrawing (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-linedrawing(s)
action.
font-doublesize (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-font-doublesize(s)
action.
render-font (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-render-font(s) action.
utf8-mode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-mode(s) action.
utf8-title (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-utf8-title(s) action.
The tekMenu has the following entries:
tektextlarge (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(l) action.
tektext2 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(2) action.
tektext3 (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(3) action.
tektextsmall (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-tek-text(s) action.
tekpage (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-page() action.
tekreset (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-reset() action.
tekcopy (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the tek-copy() action.
vtshow (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(vt,toggle)
action.
vtmode (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-terminal-type(vt)
action.
tekhide (class SmeBSB)
This entry invokes the set-visibility(tek,toggle)
action.
The following resources are useful when specified for the
Athena Scrollbar widget:
thickness (class Thickness)
Specifies the width in pixels of the scrollbar.
background (class Background)
Specifies the color to use for the background of
the scrollbar.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the color to use for the foreground of
the scrollbar. The ``thumb'' of the scrollbar is
a simple checkerboard pattern alternating pixels
for foreground and background color.
POINTER USAGE
Once the VT102 window is created, xterm allows you to
select text and copy it within the same or other windows.
SELECTION
The selection functions are invoked when the pointer but-
tons are used with no modifiers, and when they are used
with the ``shift'' key. The assignment of the functions
described below to keys and buttons may be changed through
the resource database; see ACTIONS below.
Pointer button one (usually left) is used to save text
into the cut buffer. Move the cursor to beginning of the
text, and then hold the button down while moving the cur-
sor to the end of the region and releasing the button.
The selected text is highlighted and is saved in the
global cut buffer and made the PRIMARY selection when the
button is released. Normally (but see the discussion of
on2Clicks, etc):
- Double-clicking selects by words.
- Triple-clicking selects by lines.
- Quadruple-clicking goes back to characters, etc.
Multiple-click is determined by the time from button up to
button down, so you can change the selection unit in the
middle of a selection. Logical words and lines selected
by double- or triple-clicking may wrap across more than
one screen line if lines were wrapped by xterm itself
rather than by the application running in the window. If
the key/button bindings specify that an X selection is to
be made, xterm will leave the selected text highlighted
for as long as it is the selection owner.
Pointer button two (usually middle) `types' (pastes) the
text from the PRIMARY selection, if any, otherwise from
the cut buffer, inserting it as keyboard input.
Pointer button three (usually right) extends the current
selection. (Without loss of generality, you can swap
``right'' and ``left'' everywhere in the rest of this
paragraph.) If pressed while closer to the right edge of
the selection than the left, it extends/contracts the
right edge of the selection. If you contract the selec-
tion past the left edge of the selection, xterm assumes
you really meant the left edge, restores the original
selection, then extends/contracts the left edge of the
selection. Extension starts in the selection unit mode
that the last selection or extension was performed in; you
can multiple-click to cycle through them.
By cutting and pasting pieces of text without trailing new
lines, you can take text from several places in different
windows and form a command to the shell, for example, or
take output from a program and insert it into your
favorite editor. Since cut buffers are globally shared
among different applications, you may regard each as a
`file' whose contents you know. The terminal emulator and
other text programs should be treating it as if it were a
text file, i.e., the text is delimited by new lines.
SCROLLING
The scroll region displays the position and amount of text
currently showing in the window (highlighted) relative to
the amount of text actually saved. As more text is saved
(up to the maximum), the size of the highlighted area
decreases.
Clicking button one with the pointer in the scroll region
moves the adjacent line to the top of the display window.
Clicking button three moves the top line of the display
window down to the pointer position.
Clicking button two moves the display to a position in the
saved text that corresponds to the pointer's position in
the scrollbar.
TEKTRONIX POINTER
Unlike the VT102 window, the Tektronix window does not
allow the copying of text. It does allow Tektronix GIN
mode, and in this mode the cursor will change from an
arrow to a cross. Pressing any key will send that key and
the current coordinate of the cross cursor. Pressing but-
ton one, two, or three will return the letters `l', `m',
and `r', respectively. If the `shift' key is pressed when
a pointer button is pressed, the corresponding upper case
letter is sent. To distinguish a pointer button from a
key, the high bit of the character is set (but this is bit
is normally stripped unless the terminal mode is RAW; see
tty(4) for details).
MENUS
Xterm has four menus, named mainMenu, vtMenu, fontMenu,
and tekMenu. Each menu pops up under the correct combina-
tions of key and button presses. Each menu is divided
into sections, separated by a horizontal line. Some menu
entries correspond to modes that can be altered. A check
mark appears next to a mode that is currently active.
Selecting one of these modes toggles its state. Other
menu entries are commands; selecting one of these performs
the indicated function.
All of the menu entries correspond to X actions. In the
list below, the menu label is shown followed by the
action's name in parenthesis.
Main Options
The xterm mainMenu pops up when the ``control'' key and
pointer button one are pressed in a window. This menu
contains items that apply to both the VT102 and Tektronix
windows. There are several sections:
Commands for managing X events:
Toolbar
Clicking on the "Toolbar" menu entry hides
the toolbar if it is visible, and shows it
if it is not.
Secure Keyboard (securekbd)
The Secure Keyboard mode is helpful when
typing in passwords or other sensitive data
in an unsecure environment; see SECURITY
below (but read the limitations carefully).
Allow SendEvents (allowsends )
Specifies whether or not synthetic key and
button events generated using the X protocol
SendEvent request should be interpreted or
discarded. This corresponds to the
allowSendEvents resource.
Redraw Window (redraw)
Forces the X display to repaint; useful in
some environments.
Commands for capturing output:
Log to File (logging)
Captures text sent to the screen in a log-
file, as in the -l logging option.
Print Window (print)
Sends the text of the current window to the
program given in the printerCommand
resource.
Redirect to Printer (print-redir)
This sets the printerControlMode to 0 or 2.
You can use this to turn the printer on as
if an application had sent the appropriate
control sequence. It is also useful for
switching the printer off if an application
turns it on without resetting the print con-
trol mode.
Modes for setting keyboard style:
8-Bit Controls (8-bit-control)
Enabled for VT220 emulation, this controls
whether xterm will send 8-bit control
sequences rather than using 7-bit (ASCII)
controls, e.g., sending a byte in the range
128-159 rather than the escape character
followed by a second byte. Xterm always
interprets both 8-bit and 7-bit control
sequences (see the document Xterm Control
Sequences). This corresponds to the eight-
BitControl resource.
Backarrow Key (BS/DEL) (backarrow key)
Modifies the behavior of the backarrow key,
making it transmit either a backspace (8) or
delete (127) character. This corresponds to
the backarrowKey resource.
Alt/NumLock Modifiers (num-lock)
Controls the treatment of Alt- and NumLock-
key modifiers. This corresponds to the num-
Lock resource.
Meta Sends Escape (meta-esc)
Controls whether Meta keys are converted
into a two-character sequence with the char-
acter itself preceded by ESC. This corre-
sponds to the metaSendsEscape resource.
Delete is DEL (delete-is-del)
Controls whether the Delete key on the edit-
ing keypad should send DEL (127) or the
VT220-style Remove escape sequence. This
corresponds to the deleteIsDEL resource.
Old Function-Keys (oldFunctionKeys)
HP Function-Keys (hpFunctionKeys)
SCO Function-Keys (scoFunctionKeys)
Sun Function-Keys (sunFunctionKeys)
VT220 Keyboard (sunKeyboard)
These act as a radio-button, selecting one
style for the keyboard layout. It corre-
sponds to more than one resource setting:
sunKeyboard, sunFunctionKeys, scoFunction-
Keys and hpFunctionKeys ."
Commands for process signalling:
Send STOP Signal (suspend)
Send CONT Signal (continue)
Send INT Signal (interrupt)
Send HUP Signal (hangup)
Send TERM Signal (terminate)
Send KILL Signal (kill)
These send the SIGTSTP, SIGCONT, SIGINT,
SIGHUP, SIGTERM and SIGKILL signals respec-
tively, to the process group of the process
running under xterm (usually the shell).
The SIGCONT function is especially useful if
the user has accidentally typed CTRL-Z, sus-
pending the process.
Quit (quit)
Stop processing X events except to support
the -hold option, and then send a SIGHUP
signal to the the process group of the pro-
cess running under xterm (usually the
shell).
VT Options
The vtMenu sets various modes in the VT102 emulation, and
is popped up when the ``control'' key and pointer button
two are pressed in the VT102 window.
VT102/VT220 Modes:
Enable Scrollbar (scrollbar)
Enable (or disable) the scrollbar. This
corresponds to the -sb option and the
scrollBar resource.
Enable Jump Scroll (jumpscroll)
Enable (or disable) jump scrolling. This
corresponds to the -j option and the jump-
Scroll resource.
Enable Reverse Video (reversevideo)
Enable (or disable) reverse-video. This
corresponds to the -rv option and the rever-
seVideo resource.
Enable Auto Wraparound (autowrap)
Enable (or disable) auto-wraparound. This
corresponds to the -aw option and the
autoWrap resource.
Enable Reverse Wraparound (reversewrap)
Enable (or disable) reverse wraparound.
This corresponds to the -rw option and the
reverseWrap resource.
Enable Auto Linefeed (autolinefeed)
Enable (or disable) auto-linefeed. This is
the VT102 NEL function, which causes the
emulator to emit a linefeed after each car-
riage return. There is no corresponding
command-line option or resource setting.
Enable Application Cursor Keys (appcursor)
Enable (or disable) application cursor keys.
This corresponds to the appcursorDefault
resource. There is no corresponding com-
mand-line option.
Enable Application Keypad (appkeypad)
Enable (or disable) application keypad keys.
This corresponds to the appkeypadDefault
resource. There is no corresponding com-
mand-line option.
Scroll to Bottom on Key Press (scrollkey)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom
of the scrolling region on a keypress. This
corresponds to the -sk option and the scrol-
lKey resource.
Scroll to Bottom on Tty Output (scrollttyoutput)
Enable (or disable) scrolling to the bottom
of the scrolling region on output to the
terminal. This corresponds to the -si
option and the scrollTtyOutput resource.
Allow 80/132 Column Switching (allow132)
Enable (or disable) switching between 80 and
132 columns. This corresponds to the -132
option and the c132 resource.
Select to Clipboard (selectToClipboard)
Tell xterm whether to use the PRIMARY or
CLIPBOARD for SELECT tokens in the transla-
tions resource which maps keyboard and mouse
actions to select/paste actions. This cor-
responds to the selectToClipboard resource.
There is no corresponding command-line
option.
Enable Visual Bell (visualbell)
Enable (or disable) visible bell (i.e.,
flashing) instead of an audible bell. This
corresponds to the -vb option and the visu-
alBell resource.
Enable Pop on Bell (poponbell)
Enable (or disable) raising of the window
when Control-G is received. This corre-
sponds to the -pop option and the popOnBell
resource.
Enable Margin Bell (marginbell)
Enable (or disable) a bell when the user
types near the right margin. This
corresponds to the -mb option and the
marginBell resource.
Enable Blinking Cursor (cursorblink)
Enable (or disable) the blinking-cursor fea-
ture. This corresponds to the -bc option
and the cursorBlink resource. There is also
an escape sequence (see the document Xterm
Control Sequences). The menu entry and the
escape sequence states are XOR'd: if both
are enabled, the cursor will not blink, if
only one is enabled, the cursor will blink.
Enable Alternate Screen Switching (titeInhibit)
Enable (or disable) switching between the
normal and alternate screens. This corre-
sponds to the titeInhibit resource. There
is no corresponding command-line option.
Enable Active Icon (activeicon)
Enable (or disable) the active-icon feature.
This corresponds to the -ai option and the
activeIcon resource.
VT102/VT220 Commands:
Do Soft Reset (softreset)
Reset scroll regions. This can be conve-
nient when some program has left the scroll
regions set incorrectly (often a problem
when using VMS or TOPS-20). This corre-
sponds to the VT220 DECSTR control sequence.
Do Full Reset (hardreset)
The full reset entry will clear the screen,
reset tabs to every eight columns, and reset
the terminal modes (such as wrap and smooth
scroll) to their initial states just after
xterm has finished processing the command
line options. This corresponds to the VT102
RIS control sequence, with a few obvious
differences. For example, your session is
not disconnected as a real VT102 would do.
Reset and Clear Saved Lines (clearsavedlines)
Perform a full reset, and also clear the
saved lines.
Commands for setting the current screen:
Show Tek Window (tekshow)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window
up (makes it visible). When disabled, hides
the Tektronix 4014 window.
Switch to Tek Mode (tekmode)
When enabled, pops the Tektronix 4014 window
up if it is not already visible, and
switches the input stream to that window.
When disabled, hides the Tektronix 4014 win-
dow and switches input back to the VTxxx
window.
Hide VT Window (vthide)
When enabled, hides the VTxxx window, shows
the Tektronix 4014 window if it was not
already visible and switches the input
stream to that window. When disabled, shows
the VTxxx window, and switches the input
stream to that window.
Show Alternate Screen (altscreen)
When enabled, shows the alternate screen.
When disabled, shows the normal screen.
Note that the normal screen may have saved
lines; the alternate screen does not.
VT Fonts
The fontMenu pops up when when the ``control'' key and
pointer button three are pressed in a window. It sets the
font used in the VT102 window, or modifies the way the
font is specified or displayed. There are three sections.
The first section allows you to select the font from a set
of alternatives:
Default (fontdefault)
Set the font to the default, i.e., that
given by the *VT100.font resource.
Unreadable (font1)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font1 resource.
Tiny (font2)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font2 resource.
Small (font3)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font3 resource.
Medium (font4)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font4 resource.
Large (font5)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font5 resource.
Huge (font6)
Set the font to that given by the
*VT100.font6 resource.
Escape Sequence
This allows you to set the font last speci-
fied by the Set Font escape sequence (see
the document Xterm Control Sequences).
Selection (fontsel)
This allows you to set the font specified
the current selection as a font name (if the
PRIMARY selection is owned).
The second section allows you to modify the way it is dis-
played:
Line-Drawing Characters (font-linedrawing)
When set, tells xterm to draw its own line-
drawing characters. Otherwise it relies on
the font containing these. Compare to the
forceBoxChars resource.
Doublesized Characters (font-doublesize)
When set, xterm may ask the font server to
produce scaled versions of the normal font,
for VT102 double-size characters.
The third section allows you to modify the way it is spec-
ified:
TrueType Fonts (render-font)
If the renderFont and corresponding
resources were set, this is a further con-
trol whether xterm will actually use the Xft
library calls to obtain a font.
UTF-8 (utf8-mode)
This controls whether xterm uses UTF-8
encoding of input/output. It is useful for
temporarily switching xterm to display text
from an application which does not follow
the locale settings.
TEK Options
The tekMenu sets various modes in the Tektronix emulation,
and is popped up when the ``control'' key and pointer but-
ton two are pressed in the Tektronix window. The current
font size is checked in the modes section of the menu.
Large Characters (tektextlarge)
#2 Size Characters (tektext2)
#3 Size Characters (tektext3)
Small Characters (tektextsmall)
Commands:
PAGE (tekpage)
Clear the Tektronix window.
RESET (tekreset)
COPY (tekcopy)
Windows:
Show VT Window (vtshow)
Switch to VT Mode (vtmode)
Hide Tek Window (tekhide)
SECURITY
X environments differ in their security consciousness.
Most servers, run under xdm, are capable of using a
``magic cookie'' authorization scheme that can provide a
reasonable level of security for many people. If your
server is only using a host-based mechanism to control
access to the server (see xhost(1)), then if you enable
access for a host and other users are also permitted to
run clients on that same host, it is possible that someone
can run an application which uses the basic services of
the X protocol to snoop on your activities, potentially
capturing a transcript of everything you type at the
keyboard. Any process which has access to your X display
can manipulate it in ways that you might not anticipate,
even redirecting your keyboard to itself and sending
events to your application's windows. This is true even
with the ``magic cookie'' authorization scheme. While the
allowSendEvents provides some protection against rogue
applications tampering with your programs, guarding
against a snooper is harder.
The possibility of an application spying on your
keystrokes is of particular concern when you want to type
in a password or other sensitive data. The best solution
to this problem is to use a better authorization mechanism
than is provided by X. Given all of these caveats, a sim-
ple mechanism exists for protecting keyboard input in
xterm.
The xterm menu (see MENUS above) contains a Secure Key-
board entry which, when enabled, attempts to ensure that
all keyboard input is directed only to xterm (using the
GrabKeyboard protocol request). When an application
prompts you for a password (or other sensitive data), you
can enable Secure Keyboard using the menu, type in the
data, and then disable Secure Keyboard using the menu
again. This ensures that you know which window is accept-
ing your keystrokes. It cannot ensure that there are no
processes which have access to your X display that might
be observing the keystrokes as well.
Only one X client at a time can grab the keyboard, so when
you attempt to enable Secure Keyboard it may fail. In
this case, the bell will sound. If the Secure Keyboard
succeeds, the foreground and background colors will be
exchanged (as if you selected the Reverse Video entry in
the Modes menu); they will be exchanged again when you
exit secure mode. If the colors do not switch, then you
should be very suspicious that you are being spoofed. If
the application you are running displays a prompt before
asking for the password, it is safest to enter secure mode
before the prompt gets displayed, and to make sure that
the prompt gets displayed correctly (in the new colors),
to minimize the probability of spoofing. You can also
bring up the menu again and make sure that a check mark
appears next to the entry.
Secure Keyboard mode will be disabled automatically if
your xterm window becomes iconified (or otherwise
unmapped), or if you start up a reparenting window manager
(that places a title bar or other decoration around the
window) while in Secure Keyboard mode. (This is a feature
of the X protocol not easily overcome.) When this hap-
pens, the foreground and background colors will be
switched back and the bell will sound in warning.
CHARACTER CLASSES
Clicking the left pointer button twice in rapid succession
(double-clicking) causes all characters of the same class
(e.g., letters, white space, punctuation) to be selected
as a ``word''. Since different people have different
preferences for what should be selected (for example,
should filenames be selected as a whole or only the sepa-
rate subnames), the default mapping can be overridden
through the use of the charClass (class CharClass)
resource.
This resource is a series of comma-separated of
range:value pairs. The range is either a single number or
low-high in the range of 0 to 65535, corresponding to the
code for the character or characters to be set. The value
is arbitrary, although the default table uses the charac-
ter number of the first character occurring in the set.
When not in UTF-8 mode, only the first 256 bytes of this
table will be used.
The default table starts as follows -
static int charClass[256] = {
/* NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL */
32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* BS HT NL VT NP CR SO SI */
1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* SP ! " # $ % & ' */
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
/* ( ) * + , - . / */
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
/* 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* 8 9 : ; < = > ? */
48, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
/* @ A B C D E F G */
64, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* H I J K L M N O */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* P Q R S T U V W */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ */
48, 48, 48, 91, 92, 93, 94, 48,
/* ` a b c d e f g */
96, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* h i j k l m n o */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* p q r s t u v w */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* x y z { | } ~ DEL */
48, 48, 48, 123, 124, 125, 126, 1,
/* x80 x81 x82 x83 IND NEL SSA ESA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* HTS HTJ VTS PLD PLU RI SS2 SS3 */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* DCS PU1 PU2 STS CCH MW SPA EPA */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* x98 x99 x9A CSI ST OSC PM APC */
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
/* - i c/ L ox Y- | So */
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
/* .. c0 ip << _ R0 - */
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175,
/* o +- 2 3 ' u q| . */
176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
/* , 1 2 >> 1/4 1/2 3/4 ? */
184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
/* A` A' A^ A~ A: Ao AE C, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* E` E' E^ E: I` I' I^ I: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* D- N~ O` O' O^ O~ O: X */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 215,
/* O/ U` U' U^ U: Y' P B */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* a` a' a^ a~ a: ao ae c, */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* e` e' e^ e: i` i' i^ i: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48,
/* d n~ o` o' o^ o~ o: -: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 247,
/* o/ u` u' u^ u: y' P y: */
48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48};
For example, the string ``33:48,37:48,45-47:48,38:48''
indicates that the exclamation mark, percent sign, dash,
period, slash, and ampersand characters should be treated
the same way as characters and numbers. This is useful
for cutting and pasting electronic mailing addresses and
filenames.
ACTIONS
It is possible to rebind keys (or sequences of keys) to
arbitrary strings for input, by changing the translations
resources for the vt100 or tek4014 widgets. Changing the
translations resource for events other than key and button
events is not expected, and will cause unpredictable
behavior. The following actions are provided for use
within the vt100 or tek4014 translations resources:
allow-send-events(on/off/toggle)
This action set or toggles the allowSendEvents
resource and is also invoked by the allowsends
entry in mainMenu.
alt-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the eightBitInput
resource.
bell([percent])
This action rings the keyboard bell at the speci-
fied percentage above or below the base volume.
clear-saved-lines()
This action does hard-reset() (see below) and also
clears the history of lines saved off the top of
the screen. It is also invoked from the
clearsavedlines entry in vtMenu. The effect is
identical to a hardware reset (RIS) control
sequence.
create-menu(m/v/f/t)
This action creates one of the menus used by
xterm, if it has not been previously created. The
parameter values are the menu names: mainMenu,
vtMenu, fontMenu, tekMenu, respectively.
dabbrev-expand()
Expands the word before cursor by searching in the
preceding text on the screen and in the scrollback
buffer for words starting with that abbreviation.
Repeating dabbrev-expand() several times in
sequence searches for an alternative expansion by
looking farther back. Lack of more matches is
signaled by a beep(). Attempts to expand an empty
word (i.e., when cursor is preceded by a space)
yield successively all previous words. Consecu-
tive identical expansions are ignored. The word
here is defined as a sequence of non-whitespace
characters. This feature partially emulates the
behavior of `dynamic abbreviation' expansion in
Emacs (bound there to M-/). Here is a resource
setting for xterm which will do the same thing:
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
Meta /:dabbrev-expand()
deiconify()
Changes the window state back to normal, if it was
iconified.
delete-is-del()
This action toggles the state of the deleteIsDEL
resource.
dired-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and
release) by echoing the event's position (i.e.,
character line and column) in the following for-
mat:
^X ESC G
iconify()
Iconifies the window.
hard-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region, tabs,
window size, and cursor keys and clears the
screen. It is also invoked from the hardreset
entry in vtMenu.
ignore()
This action ignores the event but checks for spe-
cial pointer position escape sequences.
insert()
This action inserts the character or string asso-
ciated with the key that was pressed.
insert-eight-bit()
This action inserts an eight-bit (Meta) version of
the character or string associated with the key
that was pressed. This only applies to single-
byte values. The exact action depends on the
value of the metaSendsEscape and the eightBitInput
resources. The metaSendsEscape resource is tested
first.
The term "eight-bit" is misleading: xterm checks
if the key's value is less than 128. If so, xterm
adds 128 to the value, setting its eighth bit.
Otherwise xterm sends an ESC byte before the key.
In other applications' documentation, that is
referred to as a "meta key".
insert-selection(sourcename [, ...])
This action inserts the string found in the selec-
tion or cutbuffer indicated by sourcename.
Sources are checked in the order given (case is
significant) until one is found. Commonly-used
selections include: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and CLIP-
BOARD. Cut buffers are typically named
CUT_BUFFER0 through CUT_BUFFER7.
insert-seven-bit()
This action is a synonym for insert() The term
"seven-bit" is misleading: it only implies that
xterm does not try to add 128 to the key's value
as in insert-eight-bit().
interpret(control-sequence)
Interpret the given control sequence locally,
i.e., without passing it to the host. This works
by inserting the control sequence at the front of
the input buffer. Use "\" to escape octal digits
in the string. Xt does not allow you to put a
null character (i.e., "\000") in the string.
keymap(name)
This action dynamically defines a new translation
table whose resource name is name with the suffix
Keymap (case is significant). The name None
restores the original translation table.
larger-vt-font()
Set the font to the next larger one, based on the
font dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
load-vt-fonts(name[,class])
Load fontnames from the given subresource name and
class. That is, load the "*VT100.name.font",
resource as "*VT100.font" etc. If no name is
given, the original set of fontnames is restored.
Unlike set-vt-font(), this does not affect the
escape- and select-fonts, since those are not
based on resource values. It does affect the
fonts loosely organized under the ``Default'' menu
entry: font, boldFont, wideFont and wideBoldFont.
maximize()
Resizes the window to fill the screen.
meta-sends-escape()
This action toggles the state of the metaSend-
sEscape resource.
popup-menu(menuname)
This action displays the specified popup menu.
Valid names (case is significant) include: main-
Menu, vtMenu, fontMenu, and tekMenu.
print() This action prints the window and is also invoked
by the print entry in mainMenu.
print-redir()
This action toggles the printerControlMode between
0 and 2. The corresponding popup menu entry is
useful for switching the printer off if you happen
to change your mind after deciding to print random
binary files on the terminal.
quit() This action sends a SIGHUP to the subprogram and
exits. It is also invoked by the quit entry in
mainMenu.
redraw()
This action redraws the window and is also invoked
by the redraw entry in mainMenu.
restore()
Restores the window to the size before it was last
maximized.
scroll-back(count [,units [,mouse] ])
This action scrolls the text window backward so
that text that had previously scrolled off the top
of the screen is now visible.
The count argument indicates the number of units
(which may be page, halfpage, pixel, or line) by
which to scroll.
An adjustment can be specified for these values by
appending a "+" or "-" sign followed by a number,
e.g., page-2 to specify 2 lines less than a page.
If the third parameter mouse is given, the action
is ignored when mouse reporting is enabled.
scroll-forw(count [,units [,mouse] ])
This action is similar to scroll-back except that
it scrolls in the other direction.
secure()
This action toggles the Secure Keyboard mode
described in the section named SECURITY, and is
invoked from the securekbd entry in mainMenu.
select-cursor-end(destname [, ...])
This action is similar to select-end except that
it should be used with select-cursor-start.
select-cursor-start()
This action is similar to select-start except that
it begins the selection at the current text cursor
position.
select-end(destname [, ...])
This action puts the currently selected text into
all of the selections or cutbuffers specified by
destname.
select-extend()
This action tracks the pointer and extends the
selection. It should only be bound to Motion
events.
select-set()
This action stores text that corresponds to the
current selection, without affecting the selection
mode.
select-start()
This action begins text selection at the current
pointer location. See the section on POINTER
USAGE for information on making selections.
send-signal(signame)
This action sends the signal named by signame to
the xterm subprocess (the shell or program speci-
fied with the -e command line option) and is also
invoked by the suspend, continue, interrupt,
hangup, terminate, and kill entries in mainMenu.
Allowable signal names are (case is not signifi-
cant): tstp (if supported by the operating
system), suspend (same as tstp), cont (if sup-
ported by the operating system), int, hup, term,
quit, alrm, alarm (same as alrm) and kill.
set-allow132(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the c132 resource and is also
invoked from the allow132 entry in vtMenu.
set-altscreen(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles between the alternate and cur-
rent screens.
set-appcursor(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling Application Cur-
sor Key mode and is also invoked by the appcursor
entry in vtMenu.
set-appkeypad(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the handling of Application
Keypad mode and is also invoked by the appkeypad
entry in vtMenu.
set-autolinefeed(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic insertion of line-
feeds and is also invoked by the autolinefeed
entry in vtMenu.
set-autowrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles automatic wrapping of long
lines and is also invoked by the autowrap entry in
vtMenu.
set-backarrow(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the backarrowKey resource and
is also invoked from the backarrow key entry in
vtMenu.
set-cursorblink(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the cursorBlink resource and
is also invoked from the cursorblink entry in
vtMenu.
set-cursesemul(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the curses resource and is
also invoked from the cursesemul entry in vtMenu.
set-font-doublesize(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the fontDoublesize resource
and is also invoked by the font-doublesize entry
in fontMenu.
set-hp-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the hpFunctionKeys resource
and is also invoked by the hpFunctionKeys entry in
mainMenu.
set-jumpscroll(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the jumpscroll resource and is
also invoked by the jumpscroll entry in vtMenu.
set-font-linedrawing(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the xterm's state regarding
whether the current font has line-drawing charac-
ters and whether it should draw them directly. It
is also invoked by the font-linedrawing entry in
fontMenu.
set-logging()
This action toggles the state of the logging
option.
set-old-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the state of legacy function
keys and is also invoked by the oldFunctionKeys
entry in mainMenu.
set-marginbell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the marginBell resource and is
also invoked from the marginbell entry in vtMenu.
set-num-lock()
This action toggles the state of the numLock
resource.
set-pop-on-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the popOnBell resource and is
also invoked by the poponbell entry in vtMenu.
set-render-font(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the renderFont resource and is
also invoked by the render-font entry in fontMenu.
set-reverse-video(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseVideo resource and
is also invoked by the reversevideo entry in
vtMenu.
set-reversewrap(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the reverseWrap resource and
is also invoked by the reversewrap entry in
vtMenu.
set-scroll-on-key(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollKey resource and is
also invoked from the scrollkey entry in vtMenu.
set-scroll-on-tty-output(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollTtyOutput resource
and is also invoked from the scrollttyoutput entry
in vtMenu.
set-scrollbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scrollbar resource and is
also invoked by the scrollbar entry in vtMenu.
set-select(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the selectToClipboard resource
and is also invoked by the selectToClipboard entry
in vtMenu.
set-sco-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the scoFunctionKeys resource
and is also invoked by the scoFunctionKeys entry
in mainMenu.
set-sun-function-keys(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunFunctionKeys resource
and is also invoked by the sunFunctionKeys entry
in mainMenu.
set-sun-keyboard(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the sunKeyboard resource and
is also invoked by the sunKeyboard entry in main-
Menu.
set-tek-text(large/2/3/small)
This action sets font used in the Tektronix window
to the value of the resources tektextlarge, tek-
text2, tektext3, and tektextsmall according to the
argument. It is also by the entries of the same
names as the resources in tekMenu.
set-terminal-type(type)
This action directs output to either the vt or tek
windows, according to the type string. It is also
invoked by the tekmode entry in vtMenu and the
vtmode entry in tekMenu.
set-titeInhibit(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the titeInhibit resource,
which controls switching between the alternate and
current screens.
set-toolbar(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the toolbar feature and is
also invoked by the toolbar entry in mainMenu.
set-utf8-mode(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8 resource and is also
invoked by the utf8-mode entry in fontMenu.
set-utf8-title(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the utf8Title resource and is
also invoked by the utf8-title entry in fontMenu.
set-visibility(vt/tek,on/off/toggle)
This action controls whether or not the vt or tek
windows are visible. It is also invoked from the
tekshow and vthide entries in vtMenu and the
vtshow and tekhide entries in tekMenu.
set-visual-bell(on/off/toggle)
This action toggles the visualBell resource and is
also invoked by the visualbell entry in vtMenu.
set-vt-font(d/1/2/3/4/5/6/e/s [,normalfont [, boldfont]])
This action sets the font or fonts currently being
used in the VT102 window. The first argument is a
single character that specifies the font to be
used:
d or D indicate the default font (the font ini-
tially used when xterm was started),
1 through 6 indicate the fonts specified by the
font1 through font6 resources,
e or E indicate the normal and bold fonts that
have been set through escape codes (or
specified as the second and third action
arguments, respectively), and
s or S indicate the font selection (as made by
programs such as xfontsel(1)) indicated by
the second action argument.
If xterm is configured to support wide characters,
an additional two optional parameters are
recognized for the e argument: wide font and wide
bold font.
smaller-vt-font()
Set the font to the next smaller one, based on the
font dimensions. See also set-vt-font().
soft-reset()
This action resets the scrolling region and is
also invoked from the softreset entry in vtMenu.
The effect is identical to a soft reset (DECSTR)
control sequence.
start-extend()
This action is similar to select-start except that
the selection is extended to the current pointer
location.
start-cursor-extend()
This action is similar to select-extend except
that the selection is extended to the current text
cursor position.
string(string)
This action inserts the specified text string as
if it had been typed. Quotation is necessary if
the string contains whitespace or non-alphanumeric
characters. If the string argument begins with
the characters ``0x'', it is interpreted as a hex
character constant.
tek-copy()
This action copies the escape codes used to gener-
ate the current window contents to a file in the
current directory beginning with the name COPY.
It is also invoked from the tekcopy entry in tek-
Menu.
tek-page()
This action clears the Tektronix window and is
also invoked by the tekpage entry in tekMenu.
tek-reset()
This action resets the Tektronix window and is
also invoked by the tekreset entry in tekMenu.
vi-button()
Handles a button event (other than press and
release) by echoing a control sequence computed
from the event's line number in the screen rela-
tive to the current line:
ESC ^P
or
ESC ^N
according to whether the event is before, or after
the current line, respectively. The ^N (or ^P) is
repeated once for each line that the event differs
from the current line. The control sequence is
omitted altogether if the button event is on the
current line.
visual-bell()
This action flashes the window quickly.
The Tektronix window also has the following action:
gin-press(l/L/m/M/r/R)
This action sends the indicated graphics input
code.
The default bindings in the VT102 window use the SELECT
token, which is set by the selectToClipboard resource:
Shift Prior:scroll-back(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift Next:scroll-forw(1,halfpage) \n\
Shift Select:select-cursor-start() \
select-cursor-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift Insert:insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift~Ctrl KP_Add:larger-vt-font() \n\
Shift Ctrl KP_Add:smaller-vt-font() \n\
Shift KP_Subtract:smaller-vt-font() \n\
~Meta :insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta :insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
~Meta :select-start() \n\
~Meta :select-extend() \n\
!Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(vtMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta :ignore() \n\
Meta :clear-saved-lines() \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta :insert-selection(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
!Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
! @Num_Lock Ctrl :popup-menu(fontMenu) \n\
~Ctrl ~Meta :start-extend() \n\
~Meta :select-extend() \n\
Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-back(1,halfpage,m) \n\
:scroll-back(5,line,m) \n\
Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
Lock @Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
@Num_Lock Ctrl :scroll-forw(1,halfpage,m) \n\
:scroll-forw(5,line,m) \n\
:select-end(SELECT, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
:ignore()
The default bindings for the scrollbar widget are separate
from the VT100 widget:
: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
: StartScroll(Forward) \n\
: StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
: StartScroll(Backward) \n\
: MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
The default bindings in the Tektronix window are:
~Meta: insert-seven-bit() \n\
Meta: insert-eight-bit() \n\
!Ctrl : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(mainMenu) \n\
!Ctrl : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Lock Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
!Ctrl @Num_Lock : popup-menu(tekMenu) \n\
Shift ~Meta: gin-press(L) \n\
~Meta: gin-press(l) \n\
Shift ~Meta: gin-press(M) \n\
~Meta: gin-press(m) \n\
Shift ~Meta: gin-press(R) \n\
~Meta: gin-press(r)
Here is an example which uses shifted select/paste to copy
to the clipboard, and unshifted select/paste for the pri-
mary selection. In each case, a (different) cut buffer is
also a target or source of the select/paste operation. It
is important to remember however, that cut buffers store
data in ISO-8859-1 encoding, while selections can store
data in a variety of formats and encodings. While xterm
owns the selection, it highlights it. When it loses the
selection, it removes the corresponding highlight. But
you can still paste from the corresponding cut buffer.
*VT100*translations: #override \n\
~Shift~Ctrl: insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift~Ctrl: insert-selection(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1) \n\
~Shift: select-end(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0) \n\
Shift: select-end(CLIPBOARD, CUT_BUFFER1)
Below is a sample how of the keymap() action is used to
add special keys for entering commonly-typed works:
*VT100.Translations: #override F13: keymap(dbx)
*VT100.dbxKeymap.translations: \
F14: keymap(None) \n\
F17: string("next") string(0x0d) \n\
F18: string("step") string(0x0d) \n\
F19: string("continue") string(0x0d) \n\
F20: string("print ") insert-selection(PRIMARY, CUT_BUFFER0)
Some people prefer using the left pointer button for drag-
ging the scrollbar thumb. That can be setup by altering
the translations resource, e.g.,
*VT100.scrollbar.translations:#override \n\
:StartScroll(Forward) \n\
:StartScroll(Continuous) MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
:StartScroll(Backward) \n\
:MoveThumb() NotifyThumb() \n\
: NotifyScroll(Proportional) EndScroll()
CONTROL SEQUENCES AND KEYBOARD
The Xterm Control Sequences document lists the control
sequences which an application can send xterm to make it
perform various operations. Most of these operations are
standardized, from either the DEC or Tektronix terminals,
or from more widely used standards such as ISO 6429.
ENVIRONMENT
Xterm sets several environment variables:
DISPLAY
is the display name, pointing to the X server (see
DISPLAY NAMES in X(1)).
TERM is set according to the termcap (or terminfo) entry
which it is using as a reference.
WINDOWID
is set to the X window id number of the xterm window.
XTERM_SHELL
is set to the pathname of the program which is
invoked. Usually that is a shell program, e.g.,
/bin/sh. Since it is not necessarily a shell program
however, it is distinct from ``SHELL''.
XTERM_VERSION
is set to the string displayed by the -version
option. That is normally an identifier for the X
Window libraries used to build xterm, followed by
xterm's patch number in parenthesis. The patch num-
ber is also part of the response to a Secondary
Device Attributes (DA) control sequence (see Xterm
Control Sequences).
Depending on your system configuration, xterm may also set
the following:
COLUMNS
the width of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty
columns").
HOME when xterm is configured to update utmp.
LINES
the height of the xterm in characters (cf: "stty
rows").
LOGNAME
when xterm is configured to update utmp.
SHELL
when xterm is configured to update utmp. It is also
set if you provide the shell name as the optional
parameter.
TERMCAP
the contents of the termcap entry corresponding to
$TERM, with lines and columns values substituted for
the actual size window you have created.
TERMINFO
may be defined to a nonstandard location in the con-
figure script.
FILES
The actual pathnames given may differ on your system.
/etc/utmp
the system logfile, which records user logins.
/etc/wtmp
the system logfile, which records user logins and
logouts.
/usr/local/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm
the xterm default application resources.
/usr/local/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm-color
the xterm color application resources. If your dis-
play supports color, use this
*customization: -color
in your .Xdefaults file to automatically use this
resource file rather than /usr/local/lib/X11/app-
defaults/XTerm. If you do not do this, xterm uses
its compiled-in default resource settings for colors.
ERROR MESSAGES
Most of the fatal error messages from xterm use the fol-
lowing format:
xterm: Error XXX, errno YYY: ZZZ
The XXX codes (which are used by xterm as its exit-code)
are listed below, with a brief explanation.
1 is used for miscellaneous errors, usually accompanied
by a specific message,
11 ERROR_FIONBIO
main: ioctl() failed on FIONBIO
12 ERROR_F_GETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_GETFL
13 ERROR_F_SETFL
main: ioctl() failed on F_SETFL
14 ERROR_OPDEVTTY
spawn: open() failed on /dev/tty
15 ERROR_TIOCGETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCGETP
17 ERROR_PTSNAME
spawn: ptsname() failed
18 ERROR_OPPTSNAME
spawn: open() failed on ptsname
19 ERROR_PTEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ptem"
20 ERROR_CONSEM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"consem"
21 ERROR_LDTERM
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ldterm"
22 ERROR_TTCOMPAT
spawn: ioctl() failed on I_PUSH/"ttcompat"
23 ERROR_TIOCSETP
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETP
24 ERROR_TIOCSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETC
25 ERROR_TIOCSETD
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSETD
26 ERROR_TIOCSLTC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCSLTC
27 ERROR_TIOCLSET
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCLSET
28 ERROR_INIGROUPS
spawn: initgroups() failed
29 ERROR_FORK
spawn: fork() failed
30 ERROR_EXEC
spawn: exec() failed
32 ERROR_PTYS
get_pty: not enough ptys
34 ERROR_PTY_EXEC
waiting for initial map
35 ERROR_SETUID
spawn: setuid() failed
36 ERROR_INIT
spawn: can't initialize window
46 ERROR_TIOCKSET
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSET
47 ERROR_TIOCKSETC
spawn: ioctl() failed on TIOCKSETC
48 ERROR_SPREALLOC
spawn: realloc of ttydev failed
49 ERROR_LUMALLOC
luit: command-line malloc failed
50 ERROR_SELECT
in_put: select() failed
54 ERROR_VINIT
VTInit: can't initialize window
57 ERROR_KMMALLOC1
HandleKeymapChange: malloc failed
60 ERROR_TSELECT
Tinput: select() failed
64 ERROR_TINIT
TekInit: can't initialize window
71 ERROR_BMALLOC2
SaltTextAway: malloc() failed
80 ERROR_LOGEXEC
StartLog: exec() failed
83 ERROR_XERROR
xerror: XError event
84 ERROR_XIOERROR
xioerror: X I/O error
90 ERROR_SCALLOC
Alloc: calloc() failed on base
91 ERROR_SCALLOC2
Alloc: calloc() failed on rows
92 ERROR_SREALLOC
ScreenResize: realloc() failed on alt base
96 ERROR_RESIZE
ScreenResize: malloc() or realloc() failed
102 ERROR_SAVE_PTR
ScrnPointers: malloc/realloc() failed
110 ERROR_SBRALLOC
ScrollBarOn: realloc() failed on base
111 ERROR_SBRALLOC2
ScrollBarOn: realloc() failed on rows
121 ERROR_MMALLOC
my_memmove: malloc/realloc failed
BUGS
Large pastes do not work on some systems. This is not a
bug in xterm; it is a bug in the pseudo terminal driver of
those systems. xterm feeds large pastes to the pty only
as fast as the pty will accept data, but some pty drivers
do not return enough information to know if the write has
succeeded.
Many of the options are not resettable after xterm starts.
This program still needs to be rewritten. It should be
split into very modular sections, with the various emula-
tors being completely separate widgets that do not know
about each other. Ideally, you'd like to be able to pick
and choose emulator widgets and stick them into a single
control widget.
There needs to be a dialog box to allow entry of the Tek
COPY file name.
SEE ALSO
resize(1), luit(1), X(1), pty(4), tty(4)
Xterm Control Sequences (this is the file ctlseqs.ms).
http://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm.html
AUTHORS
Far too many people, including:
Loretta Guarino Reid (DEC-UEG-WSL), Joel McCormack (DEC-
UEG-WSL), Terry Weissman (DEC-UEG-WSL), Edward Moy (Berke-
ley), Ralph R. Swick (MIT-Athena), Mark Vandevoorde (MIT-
Athena), Bob McNamara (DEC-MAD), Jim Gettys (MIT-Athena),
Bob Scheifler (MIT X Consortium), Doug Mink (SAO), Steve
Pitschke (Stellar), Ron Newman (MIT-Athena), Jim Fulton
(MIT X Consortium), Dave Serisky (HP), Jonathan Kamens
(MIT-Athena), Jason Bacon, Stephen P. Wall, David Wexel-
blat, and Thomas Dickey (XFree86 Project).
X Window System XTERM(1)