strtol(3)                                                     strtol(3)

  strtol()

  NAME

    strtol() - convert string value to a long integer

  SYNOPSIS

    #include 
    #include 

    long strtol (char *nptr, char **endptr, int base)

  DESCRIPTION

    The strtol(3) function converts the string in nptr to a long value.

    The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as
    determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional + or - sign. If
    base is zero or 16, the string may then include a 0x prefix, and the
    number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
    (decimal) unless the next character is 0, in which case it is taken as 8
    (octal).

    The remainder of the string is converted to a long value in the obvious
    manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the
    given base. (In bases above 10, the letter A or a represents 10, B or b
    represents 11, and so forth, with Z or z representing 35.)

    If endptr is not NULL, strtol(3) stores the address of the first invalid
    character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, however, strtol(3)
    stores the original value of nptr in *endptr. (Thus, if *nptr is not \0
    but **endptr is \0 on return, the entire string was valid.)

  RETURN VALUES

    The strtol(3) function returns the result of the conversion, unless the
    value would underflow or overflow. If an underflow occurs, strtol(3)
    returns {LONG_MIN.} If an overflow occurs, strtol(3) returns LONG_MAX. In
    both cases, errno is set.

  ERRORS

    The strtol(3) function can fail for any of these reasons:

    [ERANGE]
        The given string was out of range; the value converted has been
        clamped.

  SEE ALSO

    atof(3)

    atoi(3)

    atol(3)

    strtod(3)

    strtoul(3)

  USAGE NOTES

    The strtol function is thread safe.

    The strtol function is not async-signal safe.